{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T15:13:17Z","timestamp":1780067597986,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Excellent Youth Science Foundation of China","award":["62322114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62322114"]}]},{"name":"the National Excellent Youth Science Foundation of China","award":["YG2023LC06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YG2023LC06"]}]},{"name":"the Clinical Translation Project of the Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical and Engineering Cross Research Fund","award":["62322114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62322114"]}]},{"name":"the Clinical Translation Project of the Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical and Engineering Cross Research Fund","award":["YG2023LC06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YG2023LC06"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Restricted mouth opening (trismus) is one of the most common complications following head and neck cancer treatment. Early initiation of mouth-opening exercises is crucial for preventing or minimizing trismus. Current methods for these exercises predominantly involve finger exercises and traditional mouth-opening training devices. Our research group successfully designed an intelligent mouth-opening training device (IMOTD) that addresses the limitations of traditional home training methods, including the inability to quantify mouth-opening exercises, a lack of guided training resulting in temporomandibular joint injuries, and poor training continuity leading to poor training effect. For this device, an interactive remote guidance mode is introduced to address these concerns. The device was designed with a focus on the safety and effectiveness of medical devices. The accuracy of the training data was verified through piezoelectric sensor calibration. Through mechanical analysis, the stress points of the structure were identified, and finite element analysis of the connecting rod and the occlusal plate connection structure was conducted to ensure the safety of the device. The findings support the effectiveness of the intelligent device in rehabilitation through preclinical experiments when compared with conventional mouth-opening training methods. This intelligent device facilitates the quantification and visualization of mouth-opening training indicators, ensuring both the comfort and safety of the training process. Additionally, it enables remote supervision and guidance for patient training, thereby enhancing patient compliance and ultimately ensuring the effectiveness of mouth-opening exercises.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24061988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T13:09:36Z","timestamp":1710940176000},"page":"1988","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Developing and Validating an Intelligent Mouth-Opening Training Device: A New Solution for Restricted Mouth Opening"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9598-3331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zilin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China"},{"name":"College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China"},{"name":"National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4736-0818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianchi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8165-9322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guangtao","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Image Communication and Network Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"},{"name":"School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China"},{"name":"College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China"},{"name":"National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiannan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China"},{"name":"College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China"},{"name":"National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2011.06.009","article-title":"Prediction of post-treatment trismus in head and neck cancer patients","volume":"50","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. 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