{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]],"date-time":"2026-06-07T04:15:25Z","timestamp":1780805725098,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]],"date-time":"2024-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["13N15489"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13N15489"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["13N15971"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13N15971"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We investigate the magnetic field-dependent fluorescence lifetime of microdiamond powder containing a high density of nitrogen-vacancy centers. This constitutes a non-intensity quantity for robust, all-optical magnetic field sensing. We propose a fiber-based setup in which the excitation intensity is modulated in a frequency range up to 100MHz. The change in magnitude and phase of the fluorescence relative to B=0 is recorded where the phase shows a maximum in magnetic contrast of 5.8\u2218 at 13MHz. A lock-in amplifier-based setup utilizing the change in phase at this frequency shows a 100 times higher immunity to fluctuations in the optical path compared to the intensity-based approach. A noise floor of 20\u03bcT\/Hz and a shot-noise-limited sensitivity of 0.95\u03bcT\/Hz were determined.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24072093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]],"date-time":"2024-03-25T12:32:36Z","timestamp":1711369956000},"page":"2093","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Excited-State Lifetime of NV Centers for All-Optical Magnetic Field Sensing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9490-4204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ludwig","family":"Horsthemke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, FH M\u00fcnster\u2014University of Applied Sciences, Stegerwaldstr. 39, 48565 Steinfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1068-0529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens","family":"Pogorzelski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, FH M\u00fcnster\u2014University of Applied Sciences, Stegerwaldstr. 39, 48565 Steinfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2665-1262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dennis","family":"Stiegek\u00f6tter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, FH M\u00fcnster\u2014University of Applied Sciences, Stegerwaldstr. 39, 48565 Steinfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6945-0751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederik","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, FH M\u00fcnster\u2014University of Applied Sciences, Stegerwaldstr. 39, 48565 Steinfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lutz","family":"Langguth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quantum Technologies GmbH, Alte Messe 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7022-091X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Staacke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quantum Technologies GmbH, Alte Messe 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6285-6934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Laube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4455-6898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Knolle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Gregor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Physics, FH M\u00fcnster\u2014University of Applied Sciences, Stegerwaldstr. 39, 48565 Steinfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6937-468X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Gl\u00f6sek\u00f6tter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, FH M\u00fcnster\u2014University of Applied Sciences, Stegerwaldstr. 39, 48565 Steinfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"015004","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.92.015004","article-title":"Sensitivity optimization for NV-diamond magnetometry","volume":"92","author":"Barry","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. 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