{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:55:42Z","timestamp":1760144142529,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61875038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61875038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, an internal fingerprint-guided epidermal thickness of fingertip skin is proposed for optical image encryption based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) combined with U-Net architecture of a convolutional neural network (CNN). The epidermal thickness of fingertip skin is calculated by the distance between the upper and lower boundaries of the epidermal layer in cross-sectional optical coherence tomography (OCT) images, which is segmented using CNN, and the internal fingerprint at the epidermis\u2013dermis junction (DEJ) is extracted based on the maximum intensity projection (MIP) algorithm. The experimental results indicate that the internal fingerprint-guided epidermal thickness is insensitive to pressure due to normal correlation coefficients and the encryption process between epidermal thickness maps of fingertip skin under different pressures. In addition, the result of the numerical simulation demonstrates the feasibility and security of the encryption scheme by structural similarity index matrix (SSIM) analysis between the original image and the recovered image with the correct and error keys decryption, respectively. The robustness is analyzed based on the SSIM value in three aspects: different pressures, noise attacks, and data loss. Key randomness is valid by the gray histograms, and the average correlation coefficients of adjacent pixelated values in three directions and the average entropy were calculated. This study suggests that the epidermal thickness of fingertip skin could be seen as important biometric information for information encryption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24072128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T13:44:00Z","timestamp":1711460640000},"page":"2128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pressure-Insensitive Epidermal Thickness of Fingertip Skin for Optical Image Encryption"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Wangbiao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Photoelectric Sensing Application, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Photoelectric Sensing Application, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoman","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Photoelectric Sensing Application, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Photoelectric Sensing Application, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Photoelectric Sensing Application, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shulian","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Photoelectric Sensing Application, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhifang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Photoelectric Sensing Application, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.54.000195","article-title":"Secure Chaotic Transmission of Electrocardiography Signals with Acousto-Optic Modulation under Profiled Beam Propagation","volume":"54","author":"Almehmadi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2009.2018367","article-title":"Optical Techniques for Information Security","volume":"97","author":"Matoba","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlaseng.2013.06.001","article-title":"Optical 3D Watermark Based Digital Image Watermarking for Telemedicine","volume":"51","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Opt. Lasers Eng."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2013.05.023","article-title":"A Review of Optical Image Encryption Techniques","volume":"57","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Opt. Laser Technol."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"431","article-title":"Generating Stable Biometric Keys for Flexible Cloud Computing Authentication Using Finger Vein","volume":"433\u2013434","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2017.11.018","article-title":"Discriminative Binary Feature Learning and Quantization in Biometric Key Generation","volume":"77","author":"Anees","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2015.01.021","article-title":"Alignment-Free Row-Co-Occurrence Cancelable Palmprint Fuzzy Vault","volume":"48","author":"Leng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlaseng.2015.03.024","article-title":"Image Encryption Using Fingerprint as Key Based on Phase Retrieval Algorithm and Public Key Cryptography","volume":"72","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Opt. Lasers Eng."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2021.167654","article-title":"A Security-Enhanced Joint Transform Correlator Optical Encryption System with Cropping Operation","volume":"245","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Optik"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2022.168599","article-title":"Optical Encryption Technology Based on Spiral Phase Coherent Superposition and Vector Beam Generation System","volume":"253","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Optik"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2021.168484","article-title":"Optical Image Encryption with High Efficiency Based on Variable-Distance Ghost Imaging","volume":"252","author":"Du","year":"2021","journal-title":"Optik"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"093007","DOI":"10.1088\/2040-8978\/18\/8\/083001","article-title":"Roadmap on Optical Security","volume":"18","author":"Javidi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Opt."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1364\/AOP.6.000120","article-title":"Advances in Optical Security Systems","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Opt. Photonics"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.20.000767","article-title":"Optical Image Encryption Based on Input Plane and Fourier Plane Random Encoding","volume":"20","author":"Refregier","year":"1995","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.29.001584","article-title":"Double Random-Phase Encoding in the Fresnel Domain","volume":"29","author":"Situ","year":"2004","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5933","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.48.005933","article-title":"Double Random Phase Encryption Scheme to Multiplex and Simultaneous Encode Multiple Images","volume":"48","author":"Alfalou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.35.000118","article-title":"Asymmetric Cryptosystem Based on Phase-Truncated Fourier Transforms","volume":"35","author":"Qin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4045","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.38.004045","article-title":"Asymmetric Cryptosystem Using Random Binary Phase Modulation Based on Mixture Retrieval Type of Yang-Gu Algorithm: Reply","volume":"38","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2020.164653","article-title":"Experimental Optical Encryption Scheme for the Double Random Phase Encoding Using a Nonlinear Joint Transform Correlator","volume":"217","author":"Vilardy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Optik"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6687","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34542-9","article-title":"Stokes Meta-Hologram toward Optical Cryptography","volume":"13","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Tomko, G.J., Soutar, C., and Schmidt, G.J. (1996). Fingerprint Controlled Public Key Cryptographic System. (US5832091A), US Patent, p. 5541994."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1109\/34.587996","article-title":"On-Line Fingerprint Verification","volume":"19","author":"Jain","year":"1997","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1117\/12.603464","article-title":"A Comprehensive and Real-Time Fingerprint Verification System for Embedded Devices","volume":"5779","author":"Yeung","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s13635-015-0020-1","article-title":"Fingerprint-Based Crypto-Biometric System for Network Security","volume":"2015","author":"Barman","year":"2015","journal-title":"EURASIP J. Inf. Secur."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"023027","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JEI.24.2.023027","article-title":"Internal Fingerprint Zone Detection in Optical Coherence Tomography Fingertip Scans","volume":"24","author":"Darlow","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Electron. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2007.904932","article-title":"In Vivo Two- and Three-Dimensional Imaging of Artificial and Real Fingerprints with Optical Coherence Tomography","volume":"19","author":"Cheng","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"1677","article-title":"Biometric Mapping of Fingertip Eccrine Glands with Optical Coherence Tomography","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201200231","article-title":"Feasibility of Correlation Mapping Optical Coherence Tomography (cmOCT) for Anti-Spoof Sub-Surface Fingerprinting","volume":"6","author":"Zam","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biophotonics"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2015.2487962","article-title":"Live Acquisition of Internal Fingerprint with Automated Detection of Subsurface Layers Using OCT","volume":"28","author":"Aum","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2016.2628840","article-title":"Contrast Enhanced Subsurface Fingerprint Detection Using High-Speed Optical Coherence Tomography","volume":"29","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raja, K.B., Auksorius, E., Raghavendra, R., Boccara, A.C., and Busch, C. (2017, January 21\u201326). Robust Verification with Subsurface Fingerprint Recognition Using Full Field Optical Coherence Tomography. Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW), Honolulu, HI, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2017.93"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2020.3016829","article-title":"Surface and Internal Fingerprint Reconstruction from Optical Coherence Tomography Through Convolutional Neural Network","volume":"16","author":"Ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics. Secur."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2140005","DOI":"10.1142\/S1793545821400058","article-title":"A Measurement of Epidermal Thickness of Fingertip Skin from OCT Images Using Convolutional Neural Network","volume":"14","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Innov. Opt. Health Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30706","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.435908","article-title":"Automatic Algorithm for the Characterization of Sweat Ducts in a Three-Dimensional Fingerprint","volume":"29","author":"Kong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16991","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.421312","article-title":"Depth-Independent Internal Fingerprint Based on Optical Coherence Tomography","volume":"29","author":"Zhong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106042","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlaseng.2020.106042","article-title":"Optical Image Encryption Based on Chaotic Fingerprint Phase Mask and Pattern-Illuminated Fourier Ptychography","volume":"128","author":"Su","year":"2020","journal-title":"Opt. Lasers Eng."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, D., Li, Z., Zhang, J., Li, K., Wu, S., He, Y., and Lin, Y. (2021). Orthogonal-Polarization-Gating Optical Coherence Tomography for Human Sweat Ducts in Vivo. J. Biophotonics, 14.","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.202000432"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Veiga, F., Edin, B., and Peters, J. (2020). Grip Stabilization through Independent Finger Tactile Feedback Control. Sensors, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/s20061748"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6518","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2020.2967513","article-title":"A Flexible Touch-Based Fingerprint Acquisition Device and a Benchmark Database Using Optical Coherence Tomography","volume":"69","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vyas, A., Yu, S., and Paik, J. (2018). Multiscale Transforms with Application to Image Processing, Springer. Signals and Communication Technology.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-7272-7"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27351","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-019-7580-x","article-title":"Fusion-Based Encryption Scheme for Cancelable Fingerprint Recognition","volume":"78","author":"Hashad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24023","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.19.024023","article-title":"Simultaneous Fusion, Compression, and Encryption of Multiple Images","volume":"19","author":"Alfalou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2385","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2009.2025923","article-title":"Complex Wavelet Structural Similarity: A New Image Similarity Index","volume":"18","author":"Sampat","year":"2009","journal-title":"Image Processing, IEEE Trans."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3138718","article-title":"A Robust Chaos-Based Technique for Medical Image Encryption","volume":"10","author":"Yasser","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43580","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.444092","article-title":"Generalized Forgery Attack to Optical Encryption Systems","volume":"29","author":"Jun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78367","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2922376","article-title":"A Color Image Encryption Using Dynamic DNA and 4-D Memristive Hyper-Chaos","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2010.03.017","article-title":"Color Image Encryption Based on One-Time Keys and Robust Chaotic Maps","volume":"59","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Comput. Math. Appl."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9597619","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9597619","article-title":"A New Image Encryption Scheme Based on Hybrid Chaotic Maps","volume":"2020","author":"Yasser","year":"2020","journal-title":"Complexity"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.2298\/SJEE1902247T","article-title":"A Chaotic Image Encryption Scheme with Complex Diffusion Matrix for Plain Image Sensitivity","volume":"16","author":"Thiyagarajan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Serb. J. Electr. Eng."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"49","article-title":"Geometric Transformations and Thresholding of Images using Opencv-Python","volume":"2","author":"Devi","year":"2017","journal-title":"GRD J. Eng."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sundararajan, D. (2017). Digital Image Processing: A Signal Processing and Algorithmic Approach, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-6113-4"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"094003","DOI":"10.1088\/2040-8978\/14\/9\/094003","article-title":"Encoding Plaintext by Fourier Transform Hologram in Double Random Phase Encoding Using Fingerprint Keys","volume":"14","author":"Takeda","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Opt."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115701","DOI":"10.1088\/2040-8978\/18\/11\/115701","article-title":"Securing Information Using Optically Generated Biometric Keys","volume":"18","author":"Verma","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Opt."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3095","DOI":"10.3390\/s140203095","article-title":"Finger-Vein Image Enhancement Using a Fuzzy-Based Fusion Method with Gabor and Retinex Filtering","volume":"14","author":"Shin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlaseng.2011.03.004","article-title":"Image Restoration of Skin Scattering and Optical Blurring for Finger Vein Recognition","volume":"49","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Opt. Lasers Eng."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw2498","article-title":"Inverse-Designed Metastructures That Solve Equations","volume":"363","author":"Edwards","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2022.126250","article-title":"Targeted Dielectric Coating of Silver Nanoparticles with Silica to Manipulate Optical Properties for Metasurface Applications","volume":"287","author":"Lalegani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"043056","DOI":"10.1088\/1367-2630\/ab116f","article-title":"On the Performance of an ENZ-Based Sensor Using Transmission Line Theory and Effective Medium Approach","volume":"21","author":"Beruete","year":"2019","journal-title":"New J. Phys."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akbari, M., Shahbazzadeh, M.J., La Spada, L., and Khajehzadeh, A. (2021). The Graphene Field Effect Transistor Modeling Based on an Optimized Ambipolar Virtual Source Model for DNA Detection. Appl. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/app11178114"},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"1617","article-title":"Plasmonic Optical and Chiroptical Response of Self-Assembled Au Nanorod Equilateral Trimers","volume":"13","author":"Greybush","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.1988.tb00565.x","article-title":"Influence of the Degree of Hydration on the Thermal Expansion of Muscle Tissue","volume":"23","author":"Morley","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Technol."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/24\/7\/2128\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:19:07Z","timestamp":1760105947000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/24\/7\/2128"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["s24072128"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s24072128","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]]}}}