{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T07:45:11Z","timestamp":1776325511538,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union Next-GenerationEU","award":["PIANO NAZIONALE DI RIPRESA E RESILIENZA (PNRR)\u2013MISSIONE 4 COMPONENTE 2, INVESTIMENTO 1.4\u2013D.D. 1033 17\/06\/2022, CN00000023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIANO NAZIONALE DI RIPRESA E RESILIENZA (PNRR)\u2013MISSIONE 4 COMPONENTE 2, INVESTIMENTO 1.4\u2013D.D. 1033 17\/06\/2022, CN00000023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Road traffic noise is a severe environmental hazard, to which a growing number of dwellers are exposed in urban areas. The possibility to accurately assess traffic noise levels in a given area is thus, nowadays, quite important and, on many occasions, compelled by law. Such a procedure can be performed by measurements or by applying predictive Road Traffic Noise Models (RTNMs). Although the first approach is generally preferred, on-field measurement cannot always be easily conducted. RTNMs, on the contrary, use input information (amount of passing vehicles, category, speed, among others), usually collected by sensors, to provide an estimation of noise levels in a specific area. Several RTNMs have been implemented by different national institutions, adapting them to the local traffic conditions. However, the employment of RTNMs proves challenging due to both the lack of input data and the inherent complexity of the models (often composed of a Noise Emission Model\u2013NEM and a sound propagation model). Therefore, this work aims to propose a methodology that allows an easy application of RTNMs, despite the availability of measured data for calibration. Four different NEMs were coupled with a sound propagation model, allowing the computation of equivalent continuous sound pressure levels on a dataset (composed of traffic flows, speeds, and source\u2013receiver distance) randomly generated. Then, a Multilinear Regressive technique was applied to obtain manageable formulas for the models\u2019 application. The goodness of the procedure was evaluated on a set of long-term traffic and noise data collected in a French site through several sensors, such as sound level meters, car counters, and speed detectors. Results show that the estimations provided by formulas coming from the Multilinear Regressions are quite close to field measurements (MAE between 1.60 and 2.64 dB(A)), confirming that the resulting models could be employed to forecast noise levels by integrating them into a network of traffic sensors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24072275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T00:58:38Z","timestamp":1712105918000},"page":"2275","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Coupling Different Road Traffic Noise Models with a Multilinear Regressive Model: A Measurements-Independent Technique for Urban Road Traffic Noise Prediction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2554-5088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"Rossi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Campus of Fisciano, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9847-9301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Pascale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering\/Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation (TEMA), Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"LASI\u2014Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9488-6006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aurora","family":"Mascolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Campus of Fisciano, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4014-0679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"Guarnaccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Campus of Fisciano, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"European Environment Agency (2019). 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