{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T17:25:53Z","timestamp":1780593953353,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Deployment Research Program","award":["KGFZD-145-23-05-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KGFZD-145-23-05-03"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Under a foggy environment, the air contains a large number of suspended particles, which lead to the loss of image information and decline of contrast collected by the vision system. This makes subsequent processing and analysis difficult. At the same time, the current stage of the defogging system has problems such as high hardware cost and poor real-time processing. In this article, an image defogging system is designed based on the ZYNQ platform. First of all, on the basis of the traditional dark-channel defogging algorithm, an algorithm for segmenting the sky is proposed, and in this way, the image distortion caused by the sky region is avoided, and the atmospheric light value and transmittance are estimated more accurately. Then color balancing is performed after image defogging to improve the quality of the final output image. The parallel computing advantage and logic resources of the PL (Programmable Logic) part (FPGA) of ZYNQ are fully utilized through instruction constraints and logic optimization. Finally, the visible light detector is used as the input to build a real-time video processing experiment platform. The experimental results show that the system has a good defogging effect and meet the real-time requirements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24072276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T08:42:34Z","timestamp":1712133754000},"page":"2276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["ZYNQ-Based Visible Light Defogging System Design Realization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Bohan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qihai","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1059","article-title":"Image defogging algorithm based on superpixel dark channel and automatic color scale optimization","volume":"34","author":"Zhong","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Optoelectron. Laser"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"70","article-title":"Design of Zynq-based embedded digital image processing system","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Lab. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nayar, S.K., and Narasimhan, S.G. (1999, January 20\u201327). Vision in bad weather. Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, Kerkyra, Greece.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.1999.790306"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Narasimhan, S.G., and Nayar, S.K. (2000, January 15). Chromatic framework for vision in bad weather. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, CVPR 2000 (Cat. No. PR00662), Hilton Head, SC, USA."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2341","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2010.168","article-title":"Single Image haze removal using dark channel prior","volume":"33","author":"He","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"130","article-title":"A quadratic optimization method for solving transmittance of haze line","volume":"55","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Xi\u2019an Jiaotong Univ."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvcir.2013.02.004","article-title":"Optimized contrast enhancement for real-time image and video dehazing","volume":"24","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Vis. Commun. Image Represent."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2007.1177","article-title":"A Closed-Form Solution to Natural Image Matting","volume":"30","author":"Levin","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2012.213","article-title":"Guided image filtering","volume":"35","author":"He","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"19","article-title":"Algorithm of single image fog removal based on joint bilateral filter","volume":"35","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Beijing Univ. Posts Telecommun."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"314","article-title":"Design and realization of real-time defogging system based on ZYNQ","volume":"44","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput. Eng. Des."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, C., Bi, S., Jiang, T., Wang, J., and Mao, W. (2020, January 11\u201313). Implementation of ZYNQ for image defogging. Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE 9th Joint International Information Technology and Artificial Intelligence Conference (ITAIC), Chongqing, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/ITAIC49862.2020.9339196"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"52","article-title":"Study on the improvement of image defogging algorithm based on dark primary color prior","volume":"47","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Electron. Technol."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"33","article-title":"Research and implementation of white balance algorithm for night images","volume":"35","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microelectron. Comput."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"231","article-title":"Design and implementation of convolutional neural network cells for Zynq platform","volume":"43","author":"Yin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Chin. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"87","article-title":"Improvement and realization of objective measurement method for digital video image quality","volume":"28","author":"Huang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Beijing Univ. Posts Telecommun."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3888","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2015.2456502","article-title":"Referenceless Prediction of Perceptual Fog Density and Perceptual Image Defogging","volume":"24","author":"Kwon","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6947","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2020.2995264","article-title":"Dehazing Evaluation: Real-world Benchmark Datasets, Criteria and Baselines","volume":"29","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3522","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2015.2446191","article-title":"A fast single image haze removal algorithm using color attenuation prior","volume":"24","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/24\/7\/2276\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:22:58Z","timestamp":1760106178000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/24\/7\/2276"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["s24072276"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s24072276","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]]}}}