{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T06:55:21Z","timestamp":1778741721263,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]],"date-time":"2024-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Framework Programme for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020 (2014\u20132020)","award":["858018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["858018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The perception of sound greatly impacts users\u2019 emotional states, expectations, affective relationships with products, and purchase decisions. Consequently, assessing the perceived quality of sounds through jury testing is crucial in product design. However, the subjective nature of jurors\u2019 responses may limit the accuracy and reliability of jury test outcomes. This research explores the utility of facial expression analysis in jury testing to enhance response reliability and mitigate subjectivity. Some quantitative indicators allow the research hypothesis to be validated, such as the correlation between jurors\u2019 emotional responses and valence values, the accuracy of jury tests, and the disparities between jurors\u2019 questionnaire responses and the emotions measured by FER (facial expression recognition). Specifically, analysis of attention levels during different statuses reveals a discernible decrease in attention levels, with 70 percent of jurors exhibiting reduced attention levels in the \u2018distracted\u2019 state and 62 percent in the \u2018heavy-eyed\u2019 state. On the other hand, regression analysis shows that the correlation between jurors\u2019 valence and their choices in the jury test increases when considering the data where the jurors are attentive. The correlation highlights the potential of facial expression analysis as a reliable tool for assessing juror engagement. The findings suggest that integrating facial expression recognition can enhance the accuracy of jury testing in product design by providing a more dependable assessment of user responses and deeper insights into participants\u2019 reactions to auditory stimuli.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24072298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]],"date-time":"2024-04-04T06:57:34Z","timestamp":1712213854000},"page":"2298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Facial Expression Recognition for Measuring Jurors\u2019 Attention in Acoustic Jury Tests"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Reza","family":"Jamali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6173-9616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Generosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6475-2533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e8 Yuri","family":"Villafan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maura","family":"Mengoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Pelagalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gianmarco","family":"Battista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering and Architecture, Universit\u00e0 di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 181\/A, 43124 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7447-6541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milena","family":"Martarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6287-5521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Chiariotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Privata Giuseppe La Masa, 1, 20156 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia Angela","family":"Mansi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Telematica eCampus, via Isimbardi 10, 22060 Novedrate, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1700-3075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Arnesano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Telematica eCampus, via Isimbardi 10, 22060 Novedrate, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2564-856X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Castellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"35","article-title":"Auditory and visual contributions to affective product quality","volume":"11","author":"Cupchik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. 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