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It uses a new method that combines entropy to improve the recognition of force levels. This research aims to differentiate between different levels of isometric contraction forces using electroencephalogram (EEG) signal analysis. It integrates eight different entropy measures: power spectrum entropy (PSE), singular spectrum entropy (SSE), logarithmic energy entropy (LEE), approximation entropy (AE), sample entropy (SE), fuzzy entropy (FE), alignment entropy (PE), and envelope entropy (EE). The findings emphasize two important advances: first, including a wide range of entropy features significantly improves classification efficiency; second, the fusion entropy method shows exceptional accuracy in classifying isometric contraction forces. It achieves an accuracy rate of 91.73% in distinguishing between 15% and 60% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) forces, along with 69.59% accuracy in identifying variations across 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60% MVC. These results illuminate the efficacy of employing fusion entropy in EEG signal analysis for isometric contraction detection, heralding new opportunities for advancing motor control and facilitating fine motor movements through sophisticated human\u2013computer interface technologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24072323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]],"date-time":"2024-04-05T10:04:17Z","timestamp":1712311457000},"page":"2323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The EEG-Based Fusion Entropy-Featured Identification of Isometric Contraction Forces under the Same Action"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5708-1628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chengzhen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junjie","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianchao","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9025-2014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3704-5937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiangbo","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2015.2466079","article-title":"A Boosting-Based Spatial-Spectral Model for Stroke Patients\u2019 EEG Analysis in Rehabilitation Training","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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