{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:58:17Z","timestamp":1760144297951,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CAEP Foundation","award":["YZJJZQ2023012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YZJJZQ2023012"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An innovative method for synthesizing optimum difference patterns of the spherical sensor array is introduced, along with a sidelobe tapering technique. Firstly, we suggest employing the spherical harmonics of degree \u00b11 to synthesize the spherical array difference pattern; secondly, we study the mapping relationship between the difference pattern of the spherical sensor array and the difference pattern of the uniformly spaced linear array (ULA) with odd-numbered elements; finally, we enhance the Zolotarev difference pattern, which is a counterpart to the Dolph\u2013Chebyshev sum pattern that traditionally allows synthesis only for ULA with even-numbered elements. Our modification extends its applicability to synthesize difference patterns for ULA with odd-numbered elements. Leveraging the optimal difference pattern, a generalized Bayliss difference pattern synthesis method designed for the ULA with odd-numbered elements is further proposed. To illustrate the effectiveness of our approach, we present several design examples through experimental simulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24072361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T06:04:58Z","timestamp":1712556298000},"page":"2361","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["On Difference Pattern Synthesis for Spherical Sensor Arrays"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Zhijiang","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electronic Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, China"}]},{"given":"Maolin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electronic Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, China"}]},{"given":"Xianglu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electronic Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, China"}]},{"given":"Shunqin","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electronic Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6982-6159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guoning","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electronic Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4309-3687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electronic Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1049\/cje.2019.08.009","article-title":"Two-Dimensional DOA Estimation Using One-Dimensional Search for Spherical Arrays","volume":"28","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. 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