{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T15:49:04Z","timestamp":1778687344424,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation (RSF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23-79-10151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-79-10151"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Josephson junctions (JJs) are superconductor-based devices used to build highly sensitive magnetic flux sensors called superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs). These sensors may vary in design, being the radio frequency (RF) SQUID, direct current (DC) SQUID, and hybrid, such as D-SQUID. In addition, recently many of JJ\u2019s applications were found in spiking models of neurons exhibiting nearly biological behavior. In this study, we propose and investigate a new circuit model of a sensory neuron based on DC SQUID as part of the circuit. The dependence of the dynamics of the designed model on the external magnetic flux is demonstrated. The design of the circuit and derivation of the corresponding differential equations that describe the dynamics of the system are given. Numerical simulation is used for experimental evaluation. The experimental results confirm the applicability and good performance of the proposed magnetic-flux-sensitive neuron concept: the considered device can encode the magnetic flux in the form of neuronal dynamics with the linear section. Furthermore, some complex behavior was discovered in the model, namely the intermittent chaotic spiking and plateau bursting. The proposed design can be efficiently applied to developing the interfaces between circuitry and spiking neural networks. However, it should be noted that the proposed neuron design shares the main limitation of all the superconductor-based technologies, i.e., the need for a cryogenic and shielding system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24072367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T06:04:58Z","timestamp":1712556298000},"page":"2367","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Magnetic Flux Sensor Based on Spiking Neurons with Josephson Junctions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9860-8211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timur","family":"Karimov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Youth Research Institute, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University \u201cLETI\u201d, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6750-2337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valerii","family":"Ostrovskii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Youth Research Institute, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University \u201cLETI\u201d, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6515-0224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vyacheslav","family":"Rybin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer-Aided Design Department, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University \u201cLETI\u201d, 5 Professora Popova St., 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0672-3475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Druzhina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer-Aided Design Department, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University \u201cLETI\u201d, 5 Professora Popova St., 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0680-6825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgii","family":"Kolev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer-Aided Design Department, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University \u201cLETI\u201d, 5 Professora Popova St., 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8941-4220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denis","family":"Butusov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer-Aided Design Department, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University \u201cLETI\u201d, 5 Professora Popova St., 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9163(62)91369-0","article-title":"Possible new effects in superconductive tunnelling","volume":"1","author":"Josephson","year":"1962","journal-title":"Phys. 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