{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:01:08Z","timestamp":1760144468682,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]],"date-time":"2024-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CAS \u201cLight of West China\u201d Program","award":["12375193","U2032209","12222512","11975292","12005276"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12375193","U2032209","12222512","11975292","12005276"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["12375193","U2032209","12222512","11975292","12005276"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12375193","U2032209","12222512","11975292","12005276"]}]},{"name":"CAS Hundred Talents Program","award":["12375193","U2032209","12222512","11975292","12005276"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12375193","U2032209","12222512","11975292","12005276"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To monitor the position and profile of therapeutic carbon beams in real-time, in this paper, we proposed a system called HiBeam-T. The HiBeam-T is a time projection chamber (TPC) with forty Topmetal-II- CMOS pixel sensors as its readout. Each Topmetal-II- has 72 \u00d7 72 pixels with the size of 83 \u03bcm \u00d7 83 \u03bcm. The detector consists of the charge drift region and the charge collection area. The readout electronics comprise three Readout Control Modules and one Clock Synchronization Module. This Hibeam-T has a sensitive area of 20 \u00d7 20 cm and can acquire the center of the incident beams. The test with a continuous 80.55 MeV\/u 12C6+ beam shows that the measurement resolution to the beam center could reach 6.45 \u03bcm for unsaturated beam projections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24082387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]],"date-time":"2024-04-09T04:37:27Z","timestamp":1712637447000},"page":"2387","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of a Time Projection Chamber Readout with Hybrid Pixel Sensors for Beam Monitoring"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Yingdong","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China"},{"name":"Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3843-9268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haibo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516003, China"},{"name":"School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuezhao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianwei","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516003, China"},{"name":"School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanhao","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516003, China"},{"name":"School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yufeng","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangming","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hulin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haisheng","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chengxin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516003, China"},{"name":"School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.82.383","article-title":"Heavy-ion tumor therapy: Physical and radiobiological benefits","volume":"82","author":"Schardt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev. 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