{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:59:50Z","timestamp":1760144390723,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2020YFC2200601","2020YFC2200602","2020YFC2200603","2021YFC2201901","XDA15020700","XDA15018000","11905017","ZC-1050-2021-05-011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFC2200601","2020YFC2200602","2020YFC2200603","2021YFC2201901","XDA15020700","XDA15018000","11905017","ZC-1050-2021-05-011"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["2020YFC2200601","2020YFC2200602","2020YFC2200603","2021YFC2201901","XDA15020700","XDA15018000","11905017","ZC-1050-2021-05-011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFC2200601","2020YFC2200602","2020YFC2200603","2021YFC2201901","XDA15020700","XDA15018000","11905017","ZC-1050-2021-05-011"]}]},{"name":"Youth Fund Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2020YFC2200601","2020YFC2200602","2020YFC2200603","2021YFC2201901","XDA15020700","XDA15018000","11905017","ZC-1050-2021-05-011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFC2200601","2020YFC2200602","2020YFC2200603","2021YFC2201901","XDA15020700","XDA15018000","11905017","ZC-1050-2021-05-011"]}]},{"name":"Experiments for Space Exploration Program and the Qian Xuesen Laboratory, China Academy of Space Technology","award":["2020YFC2200601","2020YFC2200602","2020YFC2200603","2021YFC2201901","XDA15020700","XDA15018000","11905017","ZC-1050-2021-05-011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFC2200601","2020YFC2200602","2020YFC2200603","2021YFC2201901","XDA15020700","XDA15018000","11905017","ZC-1050-2021-05-011"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Temperature fluctuations affect the performance of high-precision gravitational reference sensors. Due to the limited space and the complex interrelations among sensors, it is not feasible to directly measure the temperatures of sensor heads using temperature sensors. Hence, a high-accuracy interpolation method is essential for reconstructing the surface temperature of sensor heads. In this study, we utilized XGBoost-LSTM for sensor head temperature reconstruction, and we analyzed the performance of this method under two simulation scenarios: ground-based and on-orbit. The findings demonstrate that our method achieves a precision that is two orders of magnitude higher than that of conventional interpolation methods and one order of magnitude higher than that of a BP neural network. Additionally, it exhibits remarkable stability and robustness. The reconstruction accuracy of this method meets the requirements for the key payload temperature control precision specified by the Taiji Program, providing data support for subsequent tasks in thermal noise modeling and subtraction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24082529","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T08:08:12Z","timestamp":1713168492000},"page":"2529","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sensor Head Temperature Distribution Reconstruction of High-Precision Gravitational Reference Sensors with Machine Learning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3565-855X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zongchao","family":"Duan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China"},{"name":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Taiji Laboratory for Gravitational Wave Universe (Beijing\/Hangzhou), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3891-3967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feilong","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Aerospace Remote Sensing Data Technology Corporation, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-E","family":"Qiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keqi","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haoyue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Satellite Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131103","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.126.131103","article-title":"Sensor Noise in LISA Pathfinder: In-Flight Performance of the Optical Test Mass Readout","volume":"126","author":"Armano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys. 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