{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T02:51:33Z","timestamp":1776307893492,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]],"date-time":"2024-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["61971287"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61971287"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["K202207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K202207"]}]},{"name":"Open Project of the State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves","award":["61971287"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61971287"]}]},{"name":"Open Project of the State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves","award":["K202207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K202207"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Focused microwave breast hyperthermia (FMBH) employs a phased antenna array to perform beamforming that can focus microwave energy at targeted breast tumors. Selective heating of the tumor endows the hyperthermia treatment with high accuracy and low side effects. The effect of FMBH is highly dependent on the applied phased antenna array. This work investigates the effect of polarizations of antenna elements on the microwave-focusing results by simulations. We explore two kinds of antenna arrays with the same number of elements using different digital realistic human breast phantoms. The first array has all the elements\u2019 polarization in the vertical plane of the breast, while the second array has half of the elements\u2019 polarization in the vertical plane and the other half in the transverse plane, i.e., cross polarization. In total, 96 sets of different simulations are performed, and the results show that the second array leads to a better focusing effect in dense breasts than the first array. This work is very meaningful for the potential improvement of the antenna array for FMBH, which is of great significance for the future clinical applications of FMBH. The antenna array with cross polarization can also be applied in microwave imaging and sensing for biomedical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24092682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T03:56:31Z","timestamp":1713930991000},"page":"2682","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Improvement of Phased Antenna Array Applied in Focused Microwave Breast Hyperthermia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Xuanyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zijun","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Quzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Quzhou 324003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2014.2314357","article-title":"Recent advances in thermal treatment techniques and thermally induced immune responses against cancer","volume":"61","author":"Bai","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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