{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:01:07Z","timestamp":1760144467482,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"BMBF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["05H21GURD1","390833306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["05H21GURD1","390833306"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["05H21GURD1","390833306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["05H21GURD1","390833306"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The main consequence of radiation damage on a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) is a significant increase in the dark current. If the SiPM is not adequately cooled, the power dissipation causes it to heat up, which alters its performance parameters. To investigate this heating effect, a measurement cycle was developed and performed with a KETEK SiPM glued to an Al2O3 substrate and with HPK SiPMs glued to either an Al2O3 substrate or a flexible PCB. The assemblies were connected either directly to a temperature-controlled chuck on a probe station, or through layers of materials with defined thermal resistance. An LED operated in DC mode was used to illuminate the SiPM and to tune the power dissipated in a measurement cycle. The SiPM current was used to determine the steady-state temperature reached by the SiPM via a calibration curve. The increase in SiPM temperature due to self-heating is analyzed as a function of the power dissipation in the SiPM and the thermal resistance. This information can be used to adjust the operating voltage of the SiPMs, taking into account the effects of self-heating. Similarly, this approach can be applied to investigate the unknown thermal contact of packaged SiPMs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24092687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T07:38:51Z","timestamp":1713944331000},"page":"2687","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Determination of Self-Heating in Silicon Photomultipliers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0634-5539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika","family":"Garutti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Experimental Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Martens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Experimental Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0052-597X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joern","family":"Schwandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Experimental Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Villalba-Pedro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Experimental Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nima.2020.164487","article-title":"Packaging strategies for large SiPM-based cryogenic photo-detectors","volume":"980","author":"Kochanek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nucl. Instruments Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A Accel. Spectrometers Detect. Assoc. Equip."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Royo, S., and Ballesta-Garcia, M. (2019). An Overview of Lidar Imaging Systems for Autonomous Vehicles. Appl. Sci., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/app9194093"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1109\/MITS.2022.3162886","article-title":"Comparative Analysis of Radar and Lidar Technologies for Automotive Applications","volume":"15","author":"Bilik","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Intell. Transp. Syst. Mag."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2012.12.024","article-title":"Lidar with SiPM: Some capabilities and limitations in real environment","volume":"49","author":"Agishev","year":"2013","journal-title":"Opt. 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