{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:01:02Z","timestamp":1760144462377,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52275540","62305246","22ZYCGSNO0370","2021YSS141","2021-YC-54","KLIBMC2301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52275540","62305246","22ZYCGSNO0370","2021YSS141","2021-YC-54","KLIBMC2301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Special Commissioner of Agricultural Science and Technology Project","award":["52275540","62305246","22ZYCGSNO0370","2021YSS141","2021-YC-54","KLIBMC2301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52275540","62305246","22ZYCGSNO0370","2021YSS141","2021-YC-54","KLIBMC2301"]}]},{"name":"Tianjin Postgraduate Research and Innovation Project","award":["52275540","62305246","22ZYCGSNO0370","2021YSS141","2021-YC-54","KLIBMC2301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52275540","62305246","22ZYCGSNO0370","2021YSS141","2021-YC-54","KLIBMC2301"]}]},{"name":"Postgraduate Education Teaching Research and Reform Project of Tianjin Agricultural University","award":["52275540","62305246","22ZYCGSNO0370","2021YSS141","2021-YC-54","KLIBMC2301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52275540","62305246","22ZYCGSNO0370","2021YSS141","2021-YC-54","KLIBMC2301"]}]},{"name":"The Open Fund of Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Breeding of Major Crops","award":["52275540","62305246","22ZYCGSNO0370","2021YSS141","2021-YC-54","KLIBMC2301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52275540","62305246","22ZYCGSNO0370","2021YSS141","2021-YC-54","KLIBMC2301"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In 3D microsphere tracking, unlike in-plane motion that can be measured directly by a microscope, axial displacements are resolved by optical interference or a diffraction model. As a result, the axial results are affected by the environmental noise. The immunity to environmental noise increases with measurement accuracy and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In compound digital holography microscopy (CDHM)-based measurements, precise identification of the tracking marker is critical to ensuring measurement precision. The reconstruction centering method (RCM) was proposed to suppress the drawbacks caused by installation errors and, at the same time, improve the correct identification of the tracking marker. The reconstructed center is considered to be the center of the microsphere, rather than the center of imaging in conventional digital holographic microscopy. This method was verified by simulation of rays tracing through microspheres and axial moving experiments. The axial displacements of silica microspheres with diameters of 5 \u03bcm and 10 \u03bcm were tested by CDHM in combination with the RCM. As a result, the SNR of the proposed method was improved by around 30%. In addition, the method was successfully applied to axial displacement measurements of overlapped microspheres with a resolution of 2 nm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24092723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T05:26:13Z","timestamp":1714022773000},"page":"2723","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Improving the Signal-to-Noise Ratio of Axial Displacement Measurements of Microspheres Based on Compound Digital Holography Microscopy Combined with the Reconstruction Centering Method"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Yanan","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Agricultural University, Jinjing Road, Tianjin 300384, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qihang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Agricultural University, Jinjing Road, Tianjin 300384, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junsheng","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaopan","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Agricultural University, Jinjing Road, Tianjin 300384, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haiyun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Agricultural University, Jinjing Road, Tianjin 300384, China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Breeding of Major Crops, Jinjing Road, Tianjin 300392, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Agricultural University, Jinjing Road, Tianjin 300384, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Agricultural University, Jinjing Road, Tianjin 300384, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Agricultural University, Jinjing Road, Tianjin 300384, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2010.12.3700","article-title":"Improved High-Force Magnetic Tweezers for Stretching and Refolding of Proteins and Short DNA","volume":"100","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biophys. 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