{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:01:27Z","timestamp":1760144487635,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Dutch Digestive Foundation (MLDS)","award":["WO 19-25"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WO 19-25"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The gut microbiota and its related metabolites differ between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and healthy controls. In this study, we compared faecal volatile organic compound (VOC) patterns of paediatric IBD patients and controls with gastrointestinal symptoms (CGIs). Additionally, we aimed to assess if baseline VOC profiles could predict treatment response in paediatric IBD patients. We collected faecal samples from a cohort of de novo therapy-na\u00efve paediatric IBD patients and CGIs. VOCs were analysed using gas chromatography\u2013ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS). Response was defined as a combination of clinical response based on disease activity scores, without requiring treatment escalation. We included 109 paediatric IBD patients and 75 CGIs, aged 4 to 17 years. Faecal VOC profiles of paediatric IBD patients were distinguishable from those of CGIs (AUC \u00b1 95% CI, p-values: 0.71 (0.64\u20130.79), &lt;0.001). This discrimination was observed in both Crohn\u2019s disease (CD) (0.75 (0.67\u20130.84), &lt;0.001) and ulcerative colitis (UC) (0.67 (0.56\u20130.78), 0.01) patients. VOC profiles between CD and UC patients were not distinguishable (0.57 (0.45\u20130.69), 0.87). Baseline VOC profiles of responders did not differ from non-responders (0.70 (0.58\u20130.83), 0.1). In conclusion, faecal VOC profiles of paediatric IBD patients differ significantly from those of CGIs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24092727","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T08:08:32Z","timestamp":1714032512000},"page":"2727","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Faecal Volatile Organic Compound Analysis in De Novo Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Gas Chromatography\u2013Ion Mobility Spectrometry: A Case\u2013Control Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4335-0100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Vermeer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children\u2019s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D) Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0417-7121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jasmijn Z.","family":"Jagt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children\u2019s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D) Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0778-8059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trenton K.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1307-6488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James A.","family":"Covington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduard A.","family":"Struys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"de Jonge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nanne K. H.","family":"de Boer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tim G. J.","family":"de Meij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children\u2019s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D) Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30333-4","article-title":"The global, regional, and national burden of inflammatory bowel disease in 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"5","author":"Alatab","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol. 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