{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T03:00:58Z","timestamp":1783393258628,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,27]],"date-time":"2024-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sinograin II","award":["CHN 2152-17\/0019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CHN 2152-17\/0019"]}]},{"name":"Sinograin II","award":["2023YFE0104700-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFE0104700-2"]}]},{"name":"Sinograin II","award":["CX23GG08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX23GG08"]}]},{"name":"Sinograin II","award":["LBH-Z19205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LBH-Z19205"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program \u201cIntergovernmental Cooperation in International Science and Technology Innovation\u201d","award":["CHN 2152-17\/0019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CHN 2152-17\/0019"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program \u201cIntergovernmental Cooperation in International Science and Technology Innovation\u201d","award":["2023YFE0104700-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFE0104700-2"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program \u201cIntergovernmental Cooperation in International Science and Technology Innovation\u201d","award":["CX23GG08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX23GG08"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program \u201cIntergovernmental Cooperation in International Science and Technology Innovation\u201d","award":["LBH-Z19205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LBH-Z19205"]}]},{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Heilongjiang Province","award":["CHN 2152-17\/0019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CHN 2152-17\/0019"]}]},{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Heilongjiang Province","award":["2023YFE0104700-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFE0104700-2"]}]},{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Heilongjiang Province","award":["CX23GG08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX23GG08"]}]},{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Heilongjiang Province","award":["LBH-Z19205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LBH-Z19205"]}]},{"name":"Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Fund","award":["CHN 2152-17\/0019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CHN 2152-17\/0019"]}]},{"name":"Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Fund","award":["2023YFE0104700-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFE0104700-2"]}]},{"name":"Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Fund","award":["CX23GG08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX23GG08"]}]},{"name":"Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Fund","award":["LBH-Z19205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LBH-Z19205"]}]},{"name":"Heilongjiang Joint Laboratory of Soil Microbial Ecology","award":["CHN 2152-17\/0019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CHN 2152-17\/0019"]}]},{"name":"Heilongjiang Joint Laboratory of Soil Microbial Ecology","award":["2023YFE0104700-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFE0104700-2"]}]},{"name":"Heilongjiang Joint Laboratory of Soil Microbial Ecology","award":["CX23GG08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX23GG08"]}]},{"name":"Heilongjiang Joint Laboratory of Soil Microbial Ecology","award":["LBH-Z19205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LBH-Z19205"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Black soils, which play an important role in agricultural production and food security, are well known for their relatively high content of soil organic matter (SOM). SOM has a significant impact on the sustainability of farmland and provides nutrients for plants. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) in the visible and near-infrared region has shown the potential to detect soil nutrient levels in the laboratory. However, using portable spectrometers directly in the field remains challenging due to variations in soil moisture (SM). The current study used spectral data captured by a handheld spectrometer outdoors to predict SOM, available nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP) and available potassium (AK) with different SM levels. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) models were established to compare the predictive performance of air-dried soil samples with SMs around 20%, 30% and 40%. The results showed that the model established using dry sample data had the best performance (RMSE = 4.47 g\/kg) for the prediction of SOM, followed by AN (RMSE = 20.92 mg\/kg) and AK (RMSE = 22.67 mg\/kg). The AP was better predicted by the model based on 30% SM (RMSE = 8.04 mg\/kg). In general, model performance deteriorated with an increase in SM, except for the case of AP. Feature wavelengths for predicting four kinds of soil properties were recommended based on variable importance in the projection (VIP), which offered useful guidance for the development of portable hyperspectral sensors based on discrete wavebands to reduce cost and save time for on-site data collection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24092784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T08:49:24Z","timestamp":1714380564000},"page":"2784","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Predicting Soil Organic Matter, Available Nitrogen, Available Phosphorus and Available Potassium in a Black Soil Using a Nearby Hyperspectral Sensor System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Shuming","family":"Wan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang Academy of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China"},{"name":"Agrosystems Research, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3916-7388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiangsan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, P.O. Box 115, N-1431 Aas, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1588-9661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, P.O. Box 115, N-1431 Aas, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corn\u00e9","family":"Kempenaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agrosystems Research, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueli","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang Academy of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.4141\/cjss2010-058","article-title":"Overview of Mollisols in the world: Distribution, land use and management","volume":"92","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can. J. 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