{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T22:57:01Z","timestamp":1773269821548,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]],"date-time":"2024-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"the Italian Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SG-2018-12368232"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SG-2018-12368232"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Walking encompasses a complex interplay of neuromuscular coordination and cognitive processes. Disruptions in gait can impact personal independence and quality of life, especially among the elderly and neurodegenerative patients. While traditional biomechanical analyses and neuroimaging techniques have contributed to understanding gait control, they often lack the temporal resolution needed for rapid neural dynamics. This study employs a mobile brain\/body imaging (MoBI) platform with high-density electroencephalography (hd-EEG) to explore event-related desynchronization and synchronization (ERD\/ERS) during overground walking. Simultaneous to hdEEG, we recorded gait spatiotemporal parameters. Participants were asked to walk under usual walking and dual-task walking conditions. For data analysis, we extracted ERD\/ERS in \u03b1, \u03b2, and \u03b3 bands from 17 selected regions of interest encompassing not only the sensorimotor cerebral network but also the cognitive and affective networks. A correlation analysis was performed between gait parameters and ERD\/ERS intensities in different networks in the different phases of gait. Results showed that ERD\/ERS modulations across gait phases in the \u03b1 and \u03b2 bands extended beyond the sensorimotor network, over the cognitive and limbic networks, and were more prominent in all networks during dual tasks with respect to usual walking. Correlation analyses showed that a stronger \u03b1 ERS in the initial double-support phases correlates with shorter step length, emphasizing the role of attention in motor control. Additionally, \u03b2 ERD\/ERS in affective and cognitive networks during dual-task walking correlated with dual-task gait performance, suggesting compensatory mechanisms in complex tasks. This study advances our understanding of neural dynamics during overground walking, emphasizing the multidimensional nature of gait control involving cognitive and affective networks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24092875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]],"date-time":"2024-05-03T08:02:22Z","timestamp":1714723342000},"page":"2875","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Brain Networks Modulation during Simple and Complex Gait: A \u201cMobile Brain\/Body Imaging\u201d Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2697-4113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaia","family":"Bonassi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}]},{"given":"Mingqi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Motor Control and Neuroplasticity, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9799-9003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Samogin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Motor Control and Neuroplasticity, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6485-5559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dante","family":"Mantini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Motor Control and Neuroplasticity, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Marchese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}]},{"given":"Luciano","family":"Contrino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S.C. Medicina Fisica e Riabilitazione Ospedaliera, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Chiavarese, 16043 Chiavari, Italy"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Tognetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S.C. Medicina Fisica e Riabilitazione Ospedaliera, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Chiavarese, 16043 Chiavari, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8972-9188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Putzolu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7588-2402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Botta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9880-2241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Pelosin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Avanzino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2015.08.002","article-title":"Brain Activity during Walking: A Systematic Review","volume":"57","author":"Hamacher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosci. 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