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This method focuses on detecting tea leaf blight, tea white spot, tea sooty leaf disease, and tea ring spot as the research objects. This paper presents an enhancement to the YOLOv8 network framework by introducing the Receptive Field Concentration-Based Attention Module (RFCBAM) into the backbone network to replace C2f, thereby improving feature extraction capabilities. Additionally, a mixed pooling module (Mixed Pooling SPPF, MixSPPF) is proposed to enhance information blending between features at different levels. In the neck network, the RepGFPN module replaces the C2f module to further enhance feature extraction. The Dynamic Head module is embedded in the detection head part, applying multiple attention mechanisms to improve multi-scale spatial location and multi-task perception capabilities. The inner-IoU loss function is used to replace the original CIoU, improving learning ability for small lesion samples. Furthermore, the AKConv block replaces the traditional convolution Conv block to allow for the arbitrary sampling of targets of various sizes, reducing model parameters and enhancing disease detection. the experimental results using a self-built dataset demonstrate that the enhanced YOLOv8-RMDA exhibits superior detection capabilities in detecting small target disease areas, achieving an average accuracy of 93.04% in identifying early tea lesions. When compared to Faster R-CNN, MobileNetV2, and SSD, the average precision rates of YOLOv5, YOLOv7, and YOLOv8 have shown improvements of 20.41%, 17.92%, 12.18%, 12.18%, 10.85%, 7.32%, and 5.97%, respectively. Additionally, the recall rate (R) has increased by 15.25% compared to the lowest-performing Faster R-CNN model and by 8.15% compared to the top-performing YOLOv8 model. With an FPS of 132, YOLOv8-RMDA meets the requirements for real-time detection, enabling the swift and accurate identification of early tea diseases. This advancement presents a valuable approach for enhancing the ecological tea industry in Yunnan, ensuring its healthy development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24092896","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T08:59:39Z","timestamp":1714553979000},"page":"2896","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["YOLOv8-RMDA: Lightweight YOLOv8 Network for Early Detection of Small Target Diseases in Tea"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Rong","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"},{"name":"The Key Laboratory for Crop Production and Smart Agriculture of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoqi","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory for Crop Production and Smart Agriculture of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Big Data College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Big Data College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory for Crop Production and Smart Agriculture of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"89","article-title":"The current situation, problems and countermeasures of the cultivation of tea geographical indication products in Yunnan Province","volume":"3","author":"Fu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Qual. 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