{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:35:56Z","timestamp":1777386956745,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]],"date-time":"2024-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Amazon Paraense Foundation of Studies","award":["2019\/589349"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/589349"]}]},{"name":"Amazon Paraense Foundation of Studies","award":["431748\/2016-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["431748\/2016-0"]}]},{"name":"Amazon Paraense Foundation of Studies","award":["310845\/2018-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310845\/2018-1"]}]},{"name":"Amazon Paraense Foundation of Studies","award":["102167\/2022-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["102167\/2022-2"]}]},{"name":"PROPESP\/Federal University of Para (PAPQ)","award":["2019\/589349"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/589349"]}]},{"name":"PROPESP\/Federal University of Para (PAPQ)","award":["431748\/2016-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["431748\/2016-0"]}]},{"name":"PROPESP\/Federal University of Para (PAPQ)","award":["310845\/2018-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310845\/2018-1"]}]},{"name":"PROPESP\/Federal University of Para (PAPQ)","award":["102167\/2022-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["102167\/2022-2"]}]},{"name":"National Council of Research Development","award":["2019\/589349"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/589349"]}]},{"name":"National Council of Research Development","award":["431748\/2016-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["431748\/2016-0"]}]},{"name":"National Council of Research Development","award":["310845\/2018-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310845\/2018-1"]}]},{"name":"National Council of Research Development","award":["102167\/2022-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["102167\/2022-2"]}]},{"name":"CNPq Productivity Fellow","award":["2019\/589349"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/589349"]}]},{"name":"CNPq Productivity Fellow","award":["431748\/2016-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["431748\/2016-0"]}]},{"name":"CNPq Productivity Fellow","award":["310845\/2018-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310845\/2018-1"]}]},{"name":"CNPq Productivity Fellow","award":["102167\/2022-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["102167\/2022-2"]}]},{"name":"post-graduation Fellow","award":["2019\/589349"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/589349"]}]},{"name":"post-graduation Fellow","award":["431748\/2016-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["431748\/2016-0"]}]},{"name":"post-graduation Fellow","award":["310845\/2018-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310845\/2018-1"]}]},{"name":"post-graduation Fellow","award":["102167\/2022-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["102167\/2022-2"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Timed-Up and Go (TUG) test is widely utilized by healthcare professionals for assessing fall risk and mobility due to its practicality. Currently, test results are based solely on execution time, but integrating technological devices into the test can provide additional information to enhance result accuracy. This study aimed to assess the reliability of smartphone-based instrumented TUG (iTUG) parameters. We conducted evaluations of intra- and inter-device reliabilities, hypothesizing that iTUG parameters would be replicable across all experiments. A total of 30 individuals participated in Experiment A to assess intra-device reliability, while Experiment B involved 15 individuals to evaluate inter-device reliability. The smartphone was securely attached to participants\u2019 bodies at the lumbar spine level between the L3 and L5 vertebrae. In Experiment A, subjects performed the TUG test three times using the same device, with a 5 min interval between each trial. Experiment B required participants to perform three trials using different devices, with the same time interval between trials. Comparing stopwatch and smartphone measurements in Experiment A, no significant differences in test duration were found between the two devices. A perfect correlation and Bland\u2013Altman analysis indicated good agreement between devices. Intra-device reliability analysis in Experiment A revealed significant reliability in nine out of eleven variables, with four variables showing excellent reliability and five showing moderate to high reliability. In Experiment B, inter-device reliability was observed among different smartphone devices, with nine out of eleven variables demonstrating significant reliability. Notable differences were found in angular velocity peak at the first and second turns between specific devices, emphasizing the importance of considering device variations in inertial measurements. Hence, smartphone inertial sensors present a valid, applicable, and feasible alternative for TUG assessment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24092918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]],"date-time":"2024-05-03T03:43:46Z","timestamp":1714707826000},"page":"2918","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Intra and Inter-Device Reliabilities of the Instrumented Timed-Up and Go Test Using Smartphones in Young Adult Population"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Th\u00e2mela Tha\u00eds Santos","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Estudos da Motricidade Humana, Av. General\u00edssimo Deodoro 01, Bel\u00e9m 66073-000, PA, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Am\u00e9lia Pasqual","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Speech Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0416-5182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Carlos Pereira","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, PA, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8927-4491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enzo Gabriel da Rocha","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, R. Augusto Corr\u00eaa, 01, Bel\u00e9m 66093-020, PA, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Gustavo Henrique Lima","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, R. Augusto Corr\u00eaa, 01, Bel\u00e9m 66093-020, PA, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4302-7516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anderson","family":"Belgamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, Piracicaba 17607-220, SP, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5265-619X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anselmo de Athayde","family":"Costa e Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias do Movimento, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Av. General\u00edssimo Deodoro 01, Bel\u00e9m 66073-000, PA, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3022-5847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 dos Santos","family":"Cabral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas e da Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Estado do Par\u00e1, Tv. Perebebu\u00ed, 2623-Marco, Bel\u00e9m 66087-662, PA, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0810-7086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Szymon","family":"Kuli\u015b","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Rehabilitation, J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Marymoncka 34, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2146-6198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Gajewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Education, J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Marymoncka 34, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4525-3971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Givago Silva","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, PA, Brazil"},{"name":"N\u00facleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Rua Augusto Corr\u00eaa 01, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, PA, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Tacyla Jesus da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas e da Sa\u00fade-Campus VIII, Universidade Estadual do Par\u00e1, Av. Hel\u00eda, s\/n-Amap\u00e1, Marab\u00e1 68502-100, PA, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Wesley Thyago Alves da","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas e da Sa\u00fade-Campus VIII, Universidade Estadual do Par\u00e1, Av. Hel\u00eda, s\/n-Amap\u00e1, Marab\u00e1 68502-100, PA, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Railson Cruz","family":"Salom\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas e da Sa\u00fade-Campus VIII, Universidade Estadual do Par\u00e1, Av. Hel\u00eda, s\/n-Amap\u00e1, Marab\u00e1 68502-100, PA, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9151-3896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bianca","family":"Callegari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Estudos da Motricidade Humana, Av. General\u00edssimo Deodoro 01, Bel\u00e9m 66073-000, PA, Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, R. Augusto Corr\u00eaa, 01, Bel\u00e9m 66093-020, PA, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1991.tb01616.x","article-title":"The Timed \u201cUp & Go\u201d: A Test of Basic Functional Mobility for Frail Elderly Persons","volume":"39","author":"Podsiadlo","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2019.1682066","article-title":"The Reliability and Validity of the Timed up and Go as a Clinical Tool in Individuals with and without Disabilities across a Lifespan: A Systematic Review: Psychometric Properties of the Timed Up and Go","volume":"43","author":"Christopher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Disabil. 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