{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T09:35:33Z","timestamp":1770284133222,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001863","name":"New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPNP22101005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPNP22101005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001863","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We propose the use of a specially designed polyurethane foam with a plateau region in its mechanical characteristics\u2014where stress remains nearly constant during deformation\u2014between the electromyography (EMG) electrode and clothing to suppress motion artifacts in EMG measurement. Wearable EMG devices are receiving attention for monitoring muscle weakening due to aging. However, daily EMG measurement has been challenging due to motion artifacts caused by changes in the contact pressure between the bioelectrode and the skin. Therefore, this study aims to measure EMG signals in daily movement environments by controlling the contact pressure using polyurethane foam between the bioelectrode on the clothing and the skin. Through mechanical calculations and finite element method simulations of the polyurethane foam\u2019s effect, we clarified that the characteristics of the polyurethane foam significantly influence contact pressure control and that the contact pressure is adjustable through the polyurethane foam thickness. The optimization of the design successfully controlled the contact pressure between the bioelectrode and skin from 1.0 kPa to 2.0 kPa, effectively suppressing the motion artifact in EMG measurement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24102985","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T12:27:11Z","timestamp":1715171231000},"page":"2985","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Wearable EMG Measurement Device Using Polyurethane Foam for Motion Artifact Suppression"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Takuma","family":"Takagi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan"}]},{"given":"Naoto","family":"Tomita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan"}]},{"given":"Suguru","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan"}]},{"given":"Michitaka","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6502-7819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seiichi","family":"Takamatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan"}]},{"given":"Toshihiro","family":"Itoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201400546","article-title":"Toward flexible and wearable human-interactive health-monitoring devices","volume":"4","author":"Takei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. 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