{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T21:43:19Z","timestamp":1778794999317,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"EMBRACE Project \u2018tEchnology for Multimodal inter-BRain dynAmiCs invEstigation\u2019","award":["101007521"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101007521"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Investigating the neural mechanisms underlying both cooperative and competitive joint actions may have a wide impact in many social contexts of human daily life. An effective pipeline of analysis for hyperscanning data recorded in a naturalistic context with a cooperative and competitive motor task has been missing. We propose an analytical pipeline for this type of joint action data, which was validated on electroencephalographic (EEG) signals recorded in a proof-of-concept study on two dyads playing cooperative and competitive table tennis. Functional connectivity maps were reconstructed using the corrected imaginary part of the phase locking value (ciPLV), an algorithm suitable in case of EEG signals recorded during turn-based competitive joint actions. Hyperbrain, within-, and between-brain functional connectivity maps were calculated in three frequency bands (i.e., theta, alpha, and beta) relevant during complex motor task execution and were characterized with graph theoretical measures and a clustering approach. The results of the proof-of-concept study are in line with recent findings on the main features of the functional networks sustaining cooperation and competition, hence demonstrating that the proposed pipeline is promising tool for the analysis of joint action EEG data recorded during cooperation and competition using a turn-based motor task.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24102995","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T03:34:19Z","timestamp":1715225659000},"page":"2995","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["An Analytical Approach for Naturalistic Cooperative and Competitive EEG-Hyperscanning Data: A Proof-of-Concept Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8706-7966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriella","family":"Tamburro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, G. d\u2019Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. d\u2019Annunzio University of Chieti\u2013Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1007-900X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Bru\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (C3N), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9196-0717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrique","family":"Fiedler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Technische Universit\u00e4t Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"De Fano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, G. d\u2019Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. d\u2019Annunzio University of Chieti\u2013Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khadijeh","family":"Raeisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. d\u2019Annunzio University of Chieti\u2013Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1151-7526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Khazaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. d\u2019Annunzio University of Chieti\u2013Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Zappasodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, G. d\u2019Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. d\u2019Annunzio University of Chieti\u2013Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"},{"name":"Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, University \u201cGabriele d\u2019Annunzio\u201d of Chieti\u2013Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8100-457X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Comani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, G. d\u2019Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. d\u2019Annunzio University of Chieti\u2013Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022226798217361","article-title":"Clark, Using Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Pp. Xi+432","volume":"35","author":"Carston","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Linguist."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2005.12.009","article-title":"Joint Action: Bodies and Minds Moving Together","volume":"10","author":"Sebanz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen, P.R., Morgan, J.L., and Pollack, M.E. (1990). Chapter 19 in \u201cIntentions in Communication\u201d, The MIT Press.","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/3839.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2003.10.004","article-title":"Shared Representations between Self and Other: A Social Cognitive Neuroscience View","volume":"7","author":"Decety","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1177\/001872674900200204","article-title":"A Theory of Co-Operation and Competition","volume":"2","author":"Deutsch","year":"1949","journal-title":"Hum. Relat."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1006\/jesp.1998.1350","article-title":"Effects of Cooperative and Competitive Outcome Dependency on Attention and Impression Preferences","volume":"34","author":"Vonk","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Exp. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2018.10.004","article-title":"Toward a Model of Interpersonal Trust Drawn from Neuroscience, Psychology, and Economics","volume":"42","author":"Krueger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2009.0168","article-title":"Embodied Economics: How Bodily Information Shapes the Social Coordination Dynamics of Decision-Making","volume":"365","author":"Oullier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721420984425","article-title":"Progress in Joint-Action Research","volume":"30","author":"Sebanz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00041.2007","article-title":"Brain Basis of Human Social Interaction: From Concepts to Brain Imaging","volume":"89","author":"Hari","year":"2009","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00276","article-title":"Clarifying the Interaction Types in Two-Person Neuroscience Research","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2020.00039","article-title":"Hyperscanning: A Valid Method to Study Neural Inter-Brain Underpinnings of Social Interaction","volume":"14","author":"Czeszumski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1150","article-title":"Hyperscanning: Simultaneous fMRI during Linked Social Interactions","volume":"16","author":"Montague","year":"2002","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12421","DOI":"10.1111\/spc3.12421","article-title":"Neural Mechanisms Underlying Interpersonal Coordination: A Review of Hyperscanning Research","volume":"12","author":"Mu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soc. Personal. Psychol. Compass"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nam, C.S., Choo, S., Huang, J., and Park, J. (2020). Brain-to-Brain Neural Synchrony During Social Interactions: A Systematic Review on Hyperscanning Studies. Appl. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/app10196669"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, S., Cho, H., Kim, K., and Jun, S.C. (2019). Simultaneous EEG Acquisition System for Multiple Users: Development and Related Issues. Sensors, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/s19204592"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1111\/jpr.12207","article-title":"Toward Interactive Social Neuroscience: Neuroimaging Real-World Interactions in Various Populations","volume":"60","author":"Minagawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Jpn. Psychol. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.4161\/cib.17934","article-title":"Interactive Brains, Social Minds","volume":"4","author":"Lindenberger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Commun. Integr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3259","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-18480-6","article-title":"The Spontaneous Emergence of Rhythmic Coordination in Turn Taking","volume":"13","author":"Zamm","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00325","article-title":"EEG Source Imaging: A Practical Review of the Analysis Steps","volume":"10","author":"Michel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.07.001","article-title":"Magnetoencephalography in Cognitive Neuroscience: A Primer","volume":"104","author":"Gross","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.00799","article-title":"The Juggling Paradigm: A Novel Social Neuroscience Approach to Identify Neuropsychophysiological Markers of Team Mental Models","volume":"6","author":"Filho","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2457","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.2457","article-title":"Hyperbrain Features of Team Mental Models within a Juggling Paradigm: A Proof of Concept","volume":"4","author":"Filho","year":"2016","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14987","article-title":"Intra- and Interbrain Synchrony and Hyperbrain Network Dynamics of a Guitarist Quartet and Its Audience during a Concert","volume":"1523","author":"Lindenberger","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13656","article-title":"Hyperbrain Network Properties of Guitarists Playing in Quartet","volume":"1423","author":"Lindenberger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"312","article-title":"Intra- and Interbrain Synchronization and Network Properties When Playing Guitar in Duets","volume":"6","author":"Lindenberger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Babiloni, F., Cincotti, F., Mattia, D., Mattiocco, M., De Vico Fallani, F., Tocci, A., Bianchi, L., Marciani, M.G., and Astolfi, L. (September, January 30). Hypermethods for EEG Hyperscanning. Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, New York, NY, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2006.260754"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Astolfi, L., Toppi, J., Borghini, G., Vecchiato, G., Isabella, R., De Vico Fallani, F., Cincotti, F., Salinari, S., Mattia, D., and He, B. (September, January 30). Study of the Functional Hyperconnectivity between Couples of Pilots during Flight Simulation: An EEG Hyperscanning Study. Proceedings of the 2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Boston, MA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2011.6090654"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fallani, F.D.V., Nicosia, V., Sinatra, R., Astolfi, L., Cincotti, F., Mattia, D., Wilke, C., Doud, A., Latora, V., and He, B. (2010). Defecting or Not Defecting: How to \u201cRead\u201d Human Behavior during Cooperative Games by EEG Measurements. PLoS ONE, 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0014187"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Astolfi, L., Toppi, J., Borghini, G., Vecchiato, G., He, E.J., Roy, A., Cincotti, F., Salinari, S., Mattia, D., and He, B. (September, January 28). Cortical Activity and Functional Hyperconnectivity by Simultaneous EEG Recordings from Interacting Couples of Professional Pilots. Proceedings of the 2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, San Diego, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2012.6347029"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Toppi, J., Borghini, G., Petti, M., He, E.J., Giusti, V.D., He, B., Astolfi, L., and Babiloni, F. (2016). Investigating Cooperative Behavior in Ecological Settings: An EEG Hyperscanning Study. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0154236"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.7358\/neur-2017-021-vent","article-title":"When Brains Dialogue by Synchronized or Unsynchronized Languages. Hyperscanning Applications to Neuromanagement","volume":"21","author":"Venturella","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropsychol. Trends"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2019.00321","article-title":"Hyperscanning of Interactive Juggling: Expertise Influence on Source Level Functional Connectivity","volume":"13","author":"Stone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsab031","article-title":"Inter-Brain Amplitude Correlation Differentiates Cooperation from Competition in a Motion-Sensing Sports Game","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sinha, N., Maszczyk, T., Zhang, W., Tan, J., and Dauwels, J. (2016, January 9\u201312). EEG Hyperscanning Study of Inter-Brain Synchrony during Cooperative and Competitive Interaction. Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC), Budapest, Hungary.","DOI":"10.1109\/SMC.2016.7844990"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2270","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2270","article-title":"Is There Collaboration Specific Neurophysiological Activation during Collaborative Task Activity? An Analysis of Brain Responses Using Electroencephalography and Hyperscanning","volume":"11","author":"Karran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Behav."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749009","DOI":"10.3389\/fnrgo.2021.749009","article-title":"Brain Synchrony in Competition and Collaboration During Multiuser Neurofeedback-Based Gaming","volume":"2","author":"Putri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neuroergonomics"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2020.11.008","article-title":"Hyperscanning: Beyond the Hype","volume":"109","author":"Hamilton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691619856350","article-title":"Real-Life Neuroscience: An Ecological Approach to Brain and Behavior Research","volume":"14","author":"Mendelsohn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Perspect Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2014.11.007","article-title":"The Future of Real-World Neuroscience: Imaging Techniques to Assess Active Brains in Social Environments","volume":"90","author":"Kasai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2023.120354","article-title":"Quantification of Inter-Brain Coupling: A Review of Current Methods Used in Haemodynamic and Electrophysiological Hyperscanning Studies","volume":"280","author":"Hakim","year":"2023","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4110","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhab469","article-title":"Endogenous Sources of Interbrain Synchrony in Duetting Pianists","volume":"32","author":"Gugnowska","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108316","article-title":"Inter-Brain Synchronization Occurs without Physical Co-Presence during Cooperative Online Gaming","volume":"174","author":"Saarikivi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305331","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2023.1305331","article-title":"An Ecological Study Protocol for the Multimodal Investigation of the Neurophysiological Underpinnings of Dyadic Joint Action","volume":"17","author":"Tamburro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009","article-title":"EEGLAB: An Open Source Toolbox for Analysis of Single-Trial EEG Dynamics Including Independent Component Analysis","volume":"134","author":"Delorme","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2014.08.002","article-title":"Digital Filter Design for Electrophysiological Data\u2014A Practical Approach","volume":"250","author":"Widmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Studnicki, A., Downey, R.J., and Ferris, D.P. (2022). Characterizing and Removing Artifacts Using Dual-Layer EEG during Table Tennis. Sensors, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/s22155867"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1162\/089976699300016719","article-title":"Independent Component Analysis Using an Extended Infomax Algorithm for Mixed Subgaussian and Supergaussian Sources","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neural Comput."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"016039","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/ac542f","article-title":"Looking through the Windows: A Study about the Dependency of Phase-Coupling Estimates on the Data Length","volume":"19","author":"Basti","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"056011","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/aacfe4","article-title":"Phase Locking Value Revisited: Teaching New Tricks to an Old Dog","volume":"15","author":"Pereda","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0193(1999)8:4<194::AID-HBM4>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"Measuring Phase Synchrony in Brain Signals","volume":"8","author":"Lachaux","year":"1999","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18659","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-22079-2","article-title":"The Thresholding Problem and Variability in the EEG Graph Network Parameters","volume":"12","author":"Adamovich","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00573","article-title":"Intrinsic Functional Network Organization in High-Functioning Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder","volume":"7","author":"Redcay","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.07.035","article-title":"Evidence for Hubs in Human Functional Brain Networks","volume":"79","author":"Power","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00fcller, V., S\u00e4nger, J., and Lindenberger, U. (2013). Intra- and Inter-Brain Synchronization during Musical Improvisation on the Guitar. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0073852"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-040510-143934","article-title":"Brain Graphs: Graphical Models of the Human Brain Connectome","volume":"7","author":"Bullmore","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S169","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(09)71822-1","article-title":"Brain Connectivity Toolbox: A Collection of Complex Network Measurements and Brain Connectivity Datasets","volume":"47","author":"Rubinov","year":"2009","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.10.003","article-title":"Complex Network Measures of Brain Connectivity: Uses and Interpretations","volume":"52","author":"Rubinov","year":"2010","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1038\/30918","article-title":"Collective Dynamics of \u2018Small-World\u2019 Networks","volume":"393","author":"Watts","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmed, M., Seraj, R., and Islam, S.M.S. (2020). The K-Means Algorithm: A Comprehensive Survey and Performance Evaluation. Electronics, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics9081295"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2009.09.011","article-title":"Data Clustering: 50 Years beyond K-Means","volume":"31","author":"Jain","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit. Lett."},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"37","article-title":"K-Means Clustering Algorithm: A Brief Review","volume":"4","author":"Chong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acad. J. Comput. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/03610927408827101","article-title":"A Dendrite Method for Cluster Analysis","volume":"3","author":"Calinski","year":"1974","journal-title":"Comm. Stats.\u2014Theory Methods"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(98)00168-1","article-title":"Increasing Physicians\u2019 Awareness of the Impact of Statistics on Research Outcomes: Comparative Power of the t-Test and Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test in Small Samples Applied Research","volume":"52","author":"Bridge","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"011004","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/ac542c","article-title":"Removal of Movement-Induced EEG Artifacts: Current State of the Art and Guidelines","volume":"19","author":"Gorjan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mihajlovi\u0107, V., Patki, S., and Grundlehner, B. (2014, January 26\u201330). The Impact of Head Movements on EEG and Contact Impedance: An Adaptive Filtering Solution for Motion Artifact Reduction. Proceedings of the 2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Chicago, IL, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2014.6944763"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-022-06366-y","article-title":"Continuous Table Tennis Is Associated with Processing in Frontal Brain Areas: An EEG Approach","volume":"240","author":"Visser","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0463-22.2023","article-title":"Parieto-Occipital Electrocortical Dynamics during Real-World Table Tennis","volume":"10","author":"Studnicki","year":"2023","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wnr.0000239960.98813.50","article-title":"Brain Responses to Outcomes of One\u2019s Own and Other\u2019s Performance in a Gambling Task","volume":"17","author":"Yu","year":"2006","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1853-07.2008","article-title":"Prestimulus Oscillatory Activity in the Alpha Band Predicts Visual Discrimination Ability","volume":"28","author":"Schoffelen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2009.09.012","article-title":"Your Mistakes Are Mine: Self-Other Overlap Predicts Neural Response to Observed Errors","volume":"46","author":"Kang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Exp. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2009.10.002","article-title":"Modulation of the Brain Activity in Outcome Evaluation by Interpersonal Relationship: An ERP Study","volume":"48","author":"Leng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2015.10.007","article-title":"The Speed of Alpha-Band Oscillations Predicts the Temporal Resolution of Visual Perception","volume":"22","author":"Samaha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balconi, M., and Vanutelli, M.E. (2018). Functional EEG Connectivity during Competition. BMC Neurosci., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12868-018-0464-6"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2014.12.002","article-title":"Do Sensorimotor \u03b2-Oscillations Maintain Muscle Synergy Representations in Primary Motor Cortex?","volume":"38","author":"Aumann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2008.01.007","article-title":"Oscillatory Interactions between Sensorimotor Cortex and the Periphery","volume":"17","author":"Baker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2017.0547","article-title":"Enhanced Brain Network Activity in Complex Movement Rhythms: A Simultaneous Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Electroencephalography Study","volume":"8","author":"Adhikari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Connect."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00238.2020","article-title":"Movement Speed Effects on Beta-Band Oscillations in Sensorimotor Cortex during Voluntary Activity","volume":"124","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.10.008","article-title":"Beta-Band Activity and Connectivity in Sensorimotor and Parietal Cortex Are Important for Accurate Motor Performance","volume":"144","author":"Chung","year":"2017","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Milioni, F., Leite, J.V.d.M., Beneke, R., de Poli, R.A.B., Papoti, M., and Zagatto, A.M. (2018). Table Tennis Playing Styles Require Specific Energy Systems Demands. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199985"},{"key":"ref_81","first-page":"1517","article-title":"Influence of Playing Style on the Physiological Responses of Offensive Players in Table Tennis","volume":"55","author":"Martin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Sports Med. Phys. Fit."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00242","article-title":"Music Performance As an Experimental Approach to Hyperscanning Studies","volume":"10","author":"Acquadro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/24\/10\/2995\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:42:23Z","timestamp":1760107343000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/24\/10\/2995"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["s24102995"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s24102995","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]]}}}