{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T08:45:39Z","timestamp":1776933939998,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":132,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002706","name":"AFA Insurance (Afa F\u00f6rs\u00e4kring)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["180098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["180098"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002706","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002706","name":"AFA Insurance (Afa F\u00f6rs\u00e4kring)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["180254"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["180254"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002706","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Work-related diseases and disorders remain a significant global health concern, necessitating multifaceted measures for mitigation. One potential measure is work technique training utilizing augmented feedback through wearable motion capture systems. However, there exists a research gap regarding its current effectiveness in both real work environments and controlled settings, as well as its ability to reduce postural exposure and retention effects over short, medium, and long durations. A rapid review was conducted, utilizing two databases and three previous literature reviews to identify relevant studies published within the last twenty years, including recent literature up to the end of 2023. Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria, of which 14 were of high or moderate quality. These studies were summarized descriptively, and the strength of evidence was assessed. Among the included studies, six were rated as high quality, while eight were considered moderate quality. Notably, the reporting of participation rates, blinding of assessors, and a-priori power calculations were infrequently performed. Four studies were conducted in real work environments, while ten were conducted in controlled settings. Vibration feedback was the most common feedback type utilized (n = 9), followed by auditory (n = 7) and visual feedback (n = 1). All studies employed corrective feedback initiated by the system. In controlled environments, evidence regarding the effectiveness of augmented feedback from wearable motion capture systems to reduce postural exposure ranged from strong evidence to no evidence, depending on the time elapsed after feedback administration. Conversely, for studies conducted in real work environments, the evidence ranged from very limited evidence to no evidence. Future reach needs are identified and discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24113345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T09:58:47Z","timestamp":1716458327000},"page":"3345","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["A Rapid Review on the Effectiveness and Use of Wearable Biofeedback Motion Capture Systems in Ergonomics to Mitigate Adverse Postures and Movements of the Upper Body"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5979-5504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carl M.","family":"Lind","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IMM Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2022, November 23). Musculoskeletal Health. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/musculoskeletal-conditions."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31460-X","article-title":"Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 315 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE), 1990\u20132015: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015","volume":"388","author":"Kassebaum","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"ILO (2020, June 08). Global Trends on Occupational Accidents and Diseases. World Day for Safety and Health at Work. Available online: https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/legacy\/english\/osh\/en\/story_content\/external_files\/fs_st_1-ILO_5_en.pdf."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Tompa, E., Mofidi, A., van den Heuvel, S., van Bree, T., Michaelsen, F., Jung, Y., Porsch, L., and van Emmerik, M. (2019). The Value of Occupational Safety and Health and the Societal Costs of Work-Related Injuries and Diseases, Publications Office of the European Union."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Karwowski, W., and Marras, W.S. (2003). International Encyclopedia of Ergonomics and Human Factor, CRC Press. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"NRC (2001). Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Workplace: Low Back and Upper Extremities, National Academies Press."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Lind, C.M. (2017). Assessment and Design of Industrial Manual Handling to Reduce Physical Ergonomics Hazards\u2013Use and Development of Assessment Tools, KTH Royal Institute of Technology."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2014.05.018","article-title":"The combined effect of physical, psychosocial\/organisational and\/or environmental risk factors on the presence of work-related musculoskeletal symptoms and its consequences","volume":"45","author":"Widanarko","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1080\/02678373.2011.614069","article-title":"The impact of work-related psychosocial stressors on the onset of musculoskeletal disorders in specific body regions: A review and metaanalysis of 54 longitudinal studies","volume":"25","author":"Hauke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Work Stress"},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"NIOSH (1997). Musculoskeletal Disorders and Workplace Factors, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nilsson, T., Wahlstr\u00f6m, J., and Burstr\u00f6m, L. (2017). Hand-arm vibration and the risk of vascular and neurological diseases\u2014A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0180795"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-014-0971-4","article-title":"Whole-body vibration and the risk of low back pain and sciatica: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"88","author":"Nilsson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.1306","article-title":"Associations between work-related factors and the carpal tunnel syndrome\u2014A systematic review","volume":"35","author":"Huisstede","year":"2009","journal-title":"Scand. J. Work Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20750","article-title":"Risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders: A systematic review of recent longitudinal studies","volume":"53","author":"Vieira","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720813486669","article-title":"The NIOSH lifting equation and low-back pain, part 1: Association with low-back pain in the BackWorks prospective cohort study","volume":"56","author":"Garg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Factors"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720813491284","article-title":"The NIOSH lifting equation and low-back pain, Part 2: Association with seeking care in the backworks prospective cohort study","volume":"56","author":"Garg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Factors"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2013-101837","article-title":"Are pushing and pulling work-related risk factors for upper extremity symptoms? A systematic review of observational studies","volume":"71","author":"Hoozemans","year":"2014","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kozak, A., Schedlbauer, G., Wirth, T., Euler, U., Westermann, C., and Nienhaus, A. (2015). Association between work-related biomechanical risk factors and the occurrence of carpal tunnel syndrome: An overview of systematic reviews and a meta-analysis of current research. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-015-0685-0"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2019.102897","article-title":"Understanding outcome metrics of the revised NIOSH lifting equation","volume":"81","author":"Fox","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.4114","article-title":"Occupational mechanical exposures as risk factor for chronic low-back pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Jahn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Scand. J. Work Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3087","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200012010-00018","article-title":"Flexion and rotation of the trunk and lifting at work: Are risk factors for low back pain: Results of a prospective cohort study","volume":"25","author":"Hoogendoorn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.4047","article-title":"Does occupational forward bending of the back increase long-term sickness absence risk? A 4-year prospective register-based study using device-measured compositional data analysis","volume":"48","author":"Gupta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Scand. J. Work Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.4000","article-title":"How does accelerometry-measured arm elevation at work influence prospective risk of long-term sickness absence?","volume":"48","author":"Gupta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Scand. J. Work Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2024.104277","article-title":"Physical and psychosocial work-related exposures and the occurrence of disorders of the shoulder: A systematic review update","volume":"118","author":"Versloot","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Eurofound (2016). Sixth European Working Conditions Survey."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494820936423","article-title":"Joint association of physical and psychosocial working conditions with risk of long-term sickness absence: Prospective cohort study with register follow-up","volume":"49","author":"Sundstrup","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scand. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.4050","article-title":"Physical work demands and expected labor market affiliation (ELMA): Prospective cohort with register-follow-up among 46 169 employees","volume":"48","author":"Pedersen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Scand. J. Work Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-021-01816-6","article-title":"The impact of musculoskeletal pain and strenuous work on self-reported physical work ability: A cohort study of Swedish men and women","volume":"95","author":"Badarin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3394","article-title":"Effect of systematic ergonomic hazard identification and control implementation on musculoskeletal disorder and injury risk","volume":"40","author":"Cantley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scand. J. Work Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"513","article-title":"Shifting to proactive risk management: Risk communication using the RAMP tool","volume":"14","author":"Lind","year":"2016","journal-title":"Agron. Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2020.103101","article-title":"The RAMP package for MSD risk management in manual handling\u2013A freely accessible tool, with website and training courses","volume":"86","author":"Rose","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-192972","article-title":"Factors influencing ergonomists\u2019 use of observation-based risk-assessment tools","volume":"64","author":"Eliasson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Work"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102882","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2019.102882","article-title":"Ergonomics assessment methods used by ergonomics professionals","volume":"81","author":"Lowe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2015.1023851","article-title":"Influences on the use of observational methods by practitioners when identifying risk factors in physical work","volume":"58","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2022.103740","article-title":"Musculoskeletal disorder risk assessment tool use: A Canadian perspective","volume":"102","author":"Beliveau","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2021.103483","article-title":"Developing countries and the use of ISO Standard 11228-3 for risk management of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders of the Upper Limbs (WRMSDs-ULs): The case of Chile","volume":"96","author":"Castellucci","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2022.105685","article-title":"A qualitative exploration of tools used by WHS professionals for the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders","volume":"149","author":"Oakman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2017.02.004","article-title":"Inter- and intra- observer reliability of risk assessment of repetitive work without an explicit method","volume":"62","author":"Eliasson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2019.103025","article-title":"Inter- and intra-rater reliability of the OCRA checklist method in video-recorded manual work tasks","volume":"84","author":"Forsman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nyman, T., Rh\u00e9n, I.M., Johansson, P.J., Eliasson, K., Kjellberg, K., Lindberg, P., Fan, X., and Forsman, M. (2023). Reliability and Validity of Six Selected Observational Methods for Risk Assessment of Hand Intensive and Repetitive Work. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20085505"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.2876","article-title":"Systematic evaluation of observational methods assessing biomechanical exposures at work","volume":"36","author":"Takala","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand. J. Work Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Graben, P.R., Schall, M.C., Gallagher, S., Sesek, R., and Acosta-Sojo, Y. (2022). Reliability Analysis of Observation-Based Exposure Assessment Tools for the Upper Extremities: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191710595"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2019.1710576","article-title":"Development and evaluation of RAMP II\u2014A practitioner\u2019s tool for assessing musculoskeletal disorder risk factors in industrial manual handling","volume":"63","author":"Lind","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1080\/10803548.2017.1364458","article-title":"Development and evaluation of RAMP I\u2014A practitioner\u2019s tool for screening of musculoskeletal disorder risk factors in manual handling","volume":"25","author":"Lind","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Occup. Saf. Ergon."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lind, C.M., Abtahi, F., and Forsman, M. (2023). Wearable Motion Capture Devices for the Prevention of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Ergonomics\u2014An Overview of Current Applications, Challenges, and Future Opportunities. Sensors, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/s23094259"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2007.02.002","article-title":"Intervention practices in musculoskeletal disorder prevention: A critical literature review","volume":"39","author":"Denis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fray, M., and Davis, K.G. (2023). Effectiveness of Safe Patient Handling Equipment and Techniques: A Review of Biomechanical Studies. Hum. Factors.","DOI":"10.1177\/00187208231211842"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2020.103139","article-title":"The effectiveness of ergonomic interventions in material handling operations","volume":"87","author":"Wurzelbacher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqp127","article-title":"What constitutes effective manual handling training? A systematic review","volume":"60","author":"Clemes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Occup. Med."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verbeek, J.H., Martimo, K.P., Karppinen, J., Kuijer, P.P., Viikari-Juntura, E., and Takala, E.P. (2011). Manual material handling advice and assistive devices for preventing and treating back pain in workers. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005958.pub3"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2013.862307","article-title":"The effect of manual handling training on achieving training transfer, employee\u2019s behaviour change and subsequent reduction of work-related musculoskeletal disorders: A systematic review","volume":"57","author":"Hogan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2020.103186","article-title":"Questioning the value of manual material handling training: A scoping and critical literature review","volume":"89","author":"Denis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.08.006","article-title":"The ability of limited exposure sampling to detect effects of interventions that reduce the occurrence of pronounced trunk inclination","volume":"41","author":"Mathiassen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2014.5009","article-title":"The effectiveness of a lumbopelvic monitor and feedback device to change postural behavior: A feasibility randomized controlled trial","volume":"44","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2020.102937","article-title":"A Narrative Review on Contemporary and Emerging Uses of Inertial Sensing in Occupational Ergonomics","volume":"76","author":"Lim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Ind. Ergon."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Filippeschi, A., Schmitz, N., Miezal, M., Bleser, G., Ruffaldi, E., Stricker, D., Fortino, G., Ghasemzadeh, H., Li, W., and Zhang, Y. (2017). Survey of Motion Tracking Methods Based on Inertial Sensors: A Focus on Upper Limb Human Motion. Sensors, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/s17061257"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-10-60","article-title":"Biofeedback in rehabilitation","volume":"10","author":"Giggins","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neuroeng. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, C.Z., Wong, D.W., Lam, W.K., Wan, A.H., and Lee, W.C. (2016). Balance Improvement Effects of Biofeedback Systems with State-of-the-Art Wearable Sensors: A Systematic Review. Sensors, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/s16040434"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McDevitt, S., Hernandez, H., Hicks, J., Lowell, R., Bentahaikt, H., Burch, R., Ball, J., Chander, H., Freeman, C., and Taylor, C. (2022). Wearables for Biomechanical Performance Optimization and Risk Assessment in Industrial and Sports Applications. Bioengineering, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering9010033"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-017-0229-y","article-title":"Interactive wearable systems for upper body rehabilitation: A systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neuroeng. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2010.12.001","article-title":"Extrinsic feedback and management of low back pain: A critical review of the literature","volume":"16","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Man. Ther."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2017.04.005","article-title":"Effectiveness of Physiotherapy interventions plus Extrinsic Feedback for neck disorders: A systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Araujo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Musculoskelet. Sci. Pract."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ranavolo, A., Draicchio, F., Varrecchia, T., Silvetti, A., and Iavicoli, S. (2018). Wearable monitoring devices for biomechanical risk assessment at work: Current status and future challenges-a systematic review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15092001"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-023-01274-w","article-title":"Applications of wearable sensors in upper extremity MSK conditions: A scoping review","volume":"20","author":"Zadeh","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neuroeng. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stefana, E., Marciano, F., Rossi, D., Cocca, P., and Tomasoni, G. (2021). Wearable Devices for Ergonomics: A Systematic Literature Review. Sensors, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/s21030777"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, R., James, C., Edwards, S., Skinner, G., Young, J.L., and Snodgrass, S.J. (2021). Evidence for the Effectiveness of Feedback from Wearable Inertial Sensors during Work-Related Activities: A Scoping Review. Sensors, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/s21196377"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-220545","article-title":"Feedback for the prevention and rehabilitation of work-related musculoskeletal disorders: A systematic review","volume":"76","author":"Frasie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Work"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Ja\u00e9n, M., Sebastia-Amat, S., Sanchis-Soler, G., and Cortell-Tormo, J.M. (2024). Lumbo-Pelvic Rhythm Monitoring Using Wearable Technology with Sensory Biofeedback: A Systematic Review. Healthc. Inform. Res., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare12070758"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Figueira, V., Silva, S., Costa, I., Campos, B., Salgado, J., Pinho, L., Freitas, M., Carvalho, P., Marques, J., and Pinho, F. (2024). Wearables for Monitoring and Postural Feedback in the Work Context: A Scoping Review. Sensors, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/s24041341"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-203149","article-title":"Reducing lumbar spine flexion using real-time biofeedback during patient handling tasks","volume":"66","author":"Owlia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Work"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2020.103188","article-title":"Reducing postural load in order picking through a smart workwear system using real-time vibrotactile feedback","volume":"89","author":"Lind","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2019-106293","article-title":"Effectiveness of a lumbopelvic monitor and feedback device to change postural behaviour: The ELF cluster randomised controlled trial","volume":"77","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuo, Y.L., Huang, K.Y., Kao, C.Y., and Tsai, Y.J. (2021). Sitting Posture during Prolonged Computer Typing with and without a Wearable Biofeedback Sensor. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18105430"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1080\/24725838.2018.1428838","article-title":"Posture Coaching and Feedback during Patient Handling in a Student Nurse Population","volume":"6","author":"Doss","year":"2018","journal-title":"IISE Trans. Occup. Ergon. Hum. Factors"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2023.104019","article-title":"Real-time vibrotactile feedback system for reducing trunk flexion exposure during construction tasks","volume":"110","author":"Lim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Langenski\u00f6ld, C., Berg, A., and Yang, L. (2023). The Effect of Corrective and Encouraging Accumulated Vibrotactile Feedback on Work Technique Training and Motivation\u2014A Pilot Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20186741"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2022.2069869","article-title":"Effectiveness and usability of real-time vibrotactile feedback training to reduce postural exposure in real manual sorting work","volume":"66","author":"Lind","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lind, C.M., Diaz-Olivares, J.A., Lindecrantz, K., and Eklund, J. (2020). A Wearable Sensor System for Physical Ergonomics Interventions Using Haptic Feedback. Sensors, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/s20216010"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2021.103547","article-title":"Evaluating a wearable biofeedback device for reducing end-range sagittal lumbar spine flexion among home caregivers","volume":"97","author":"Kamachi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.10.007","article-title":"Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods Group offers evidence-informed guidance to conduct rapid reviews","volume":"130","author":"Garritty","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_82","unstructured":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (2023, November 20). Study Quality Assessment Tools, Available online: https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health-topics\/study-quality-assessment-tools."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2016.07.018","article-title":"Job rotation designed to prevent musculoskeletal disorders and control risk in manufacturing industries: A systematic review","volume":"58","author":"Padula","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-182839","article-title":"Influence of the wearable posture correction sensor on head and neck posture: Sitting and standing workstations","volume":"62","author":"Ailneni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Work"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.11.008","article-title":"Effect of a posture correction-based intervention on musculoskeletal symptoms and fatigue among control room operators","volume":"76","author":"Bazazan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.07.127","article-title":"Influencing lumbar posture through real-time biofeedback and its effects on the kinematics and kinetics of a repetitive lifting task","volume":"73","author":"Boocock","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2019.08.003","article-title":"Wearable technology for posture monitoring at the workplace","volume":"132","author":"Bootsman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2020.1834729","article-title":"A Personalized Pre-operative and Intra-operative Ergonomic Feedback to Improve the Dental Work Posture","volume":"37","author":"Thanathornwong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Hum. Comput."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-02053-8_73","article-title":"Prevention of Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Using Smart Workwear\u2013The Smart Workwear Consortium","volume":"Volume 876","author":"Ahram","year":"2019","journal-title":"Human Systems Engineering and Design"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130801958659","article-title":"The size of cycle-to-cycle variability in biomechanical exposure among butchers performing a standardised cutting task","volume":"51","author":"Madeleine","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"ref_91","first-page":"7269","article-title":"Evaluation of a single accelerometer based biofeedback system for real-time correction of neck posture in computer users","volume":"2009","author":"Breen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. Int. Conf. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2018.10.021","article-title":"Immediate effects of real-time postural biofeedback on spinal posture, muscle activity, and perceived pain severity in adults with neck pain","volume":"67","author":"Kuo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2012.11.008","article-title":"Innovative system for real-time ergonomic feedback in industrial manufacturing","volume":"44","author":"Vignais","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"ref_94","first-page":"756","article-title":"The Improvement of Dental Posture Using Personalized Biofeedback","volume":"216","author":"Thanathornwong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1080\/10803548.2014.11077063","article-title":"A system for predicting musculoskeletal disorders among dental students","volume":"20","author":"Thanathornwong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Occup. Saf. Ergon."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-016-0441-3","article-title":"Evaluating the effectiveness of organisational-level strategies with or without an activity tracker to reduce office workers\u2019 sitting time: A cluster-randomised trial","volume":"13","author":"Brakenridge","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.3233\/BMR-171071","article-title":"Effects of biofeedback postural training on pre-existing low back pain in static-posture workers","volume":"31","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Back Musculoskelet. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107583","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3000673","article-title":"Smart Vest for Real-Time Postural Biofeedback and Ergonomic Risk Assessment","volume":"8","author":"Cerqueira","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139308967891","article-title":"Wrist motions in industry","volume":"36","author":"Marras","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199304000-00015","article-title":"The role of dynamic three-dimensional trunk motion in occupationally-related low back disorders. The effects of workplace factors, trunk position, and trunk motion characteristics on risk of injury","volume":"18","author":"Marras","year":"1993","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199507000-00002","article-title":"A biomechanical assessment and model of axial twisting in the thoracolumbar spine","volume":"20","author":"Marras","year":"1995","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2012.07.009","article-title":"Exposure-response relationships in work-related musculoskeletal disorders in elbows and hands\u2014A synthesis of group-level data on exposure and response obtained using uniform methods of data collection","volume":"44","author":"Nordander","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2016.01.010","article-title":"Exposure-response relationships for work-related neck and shoulder musculoskeletal disorders--Analyses of pooled uniform data sets","volume":"55","author":"Nordander","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balogh, I., Arvidsson, I., Bj\u00f6rk, J., Hansson, G.\u00c5., Ohlsson, K., Skerfving, S., and Nordander, C. (2019). Work-related neck and upper limb disorders-Quantitative exposure-response relationships adjusted for personal characteristics and psychosocial conditions. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-019-2491-6"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1093\/annweh\/wxab012","article-title":"Action Levels for the Prevention of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in the Neck and Upper Extremities: A Proposal","volume":"65","author":"Arvidsson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Work Expo. Health"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan, X., Lind, C.M., Rhen, I.M., and Forsman, M. (2021). Effects of Sensor Types and Angular Velocity Computational Methods in Field Measurements of Occupational Upper Arm and Trunk Postures and Movements. Sensors, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/s21165527"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1093\/annweh\/wxab075","article-title":"Concerning a Work Movement Velocity Action Level Proposed in \u201cAction Levels for the Prevention of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in the Neck and Upper Extremities: A Proposal\u201d by Inger Arvidsson et al. (2021)","volume":"66","author":"Forsman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Work Expo. Health"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2022.103841","article-title":"Mind the gap\u2013development of conversion models between accelerometer- and IMU-based measurements of arm and trunk postures and movements in warehouse work","volume":"105","author":"Forsman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-012-0333-8","article-title":"Augmented visual, auditory, haptic, and multimodal feedback in motor learning: A review","volume":"20","author":"Sigrist","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychon. Bull. Rev."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-018-0408-5","article-title":"The effects of error-augmentation versus error-reduction paradigms in robotic therapy to enhance upper extremity performance and recovery post-stroke: A systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neuroeng. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-009-2014-z","article-title":"Comparison of error-amplification and haptic-guidance training techniques for learning of a timing-based motor task by healthy individuals","volume":"201","author":"Milot","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-012-3092-x","article-title":"Overcoming the guidance effect in motor skill learning: Feedback all the time can be beneficial","volume":"219","author":"Buchanan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2013.03.005","article-title":"Self-controlled KR schedules: Does repetition order matter?","volume":"32","author":"Patterson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. Mov. Sci."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2020.1870162","article-title":"Effects of industrial back-support exoskeletons on body loading and user experience: An updated systematic review","volume":"64","author":"Kermavnar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-021-01622-2","article-title":"Posture biofeedback increases cognitive load","volume":"86","author":"Baer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychol. Res."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3815","article-title":"Development and implementation of interventions managing work-related musculoskeletal disorders: Inadequacy of prevalent research framework and future opportunities","volume":"45","author":"Winkel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scand. J. Work Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-6870(95)00061-5","article-title":"A model for solving work related musculoskeletal problems in a profitable way","volume":"27","author":"Winkel","year":"1996","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2010.07.002","article-title":"Occupational musculoskeletal and mental health: Significance of rationalization and opportunities to create sustainable production systems\u2014A systematic review","volume":"42","author":"Westgaard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130903349914","article-title":"Effect assessment in work environment interventions: A methodological reflection","volume":"53","author":"Neumann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2024.103570","article-title":"Application of wearable technology for the ergonomic risk assessment of healthcare professionals: A systematic literature review","volume":"100","author":"Sabino","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Ind. Ergon."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720817753907","article-title":"Barriers to the Adoption of Wearable Sensors in the Workplace: A Survey of Occupational Safety and Health Professionals","volume":"60","author":"Schall","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. Factors"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-7622-5-23","article-title":"Development of a quality assessment tool for systematic reviews of observational studies (QATSO) of HIV prevalence in men having sex with men and associated risk behaviours","volume":"5","author":"Wong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg. Themes Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2017.12.009","article-title":"Systematic review of current guideline appraisals performed with the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation II instrument-a third of AGREE II users apply a cut-off for guideline quality","volume":"95","author":"Siering","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_124","first-page":"5203","article-title":"Wireless vibrotactile feedback system for postural response improvement","volume":"2011","author":"Tino","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Int. Conf. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Owlia, M., Ng, C., Ledda, K., Kamachi, M., Longfield, A., and Dutta, T. (, January 26\u201330). Preventing Back Injury in Caregivers Using Real-Time Posture-Based Feedback. Proceedings of the 20th Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA 2018), Florence, Italy.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-96083-8_90"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cordella, F., Luzio, F.S.d., Lauretti, C., Draicchio, F., and Zollo, L. (2019, January 4\u20136). A biofeedback-based posture correction system for working environments. Proceedings of the 2019 II Workshop on Metrology for Industry 4.0 and IoT (MetroInd4.0&IoT), Naples, Italy.","DOI":"10.1109\/METROI4.2019.8792920"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kamachi, M., Owlia, M., and Dutta, T. (2019, January 24\u201328). Training Caregivers to Reduce Spine Flexion Using Biofeedback. Proceedings of the AHFE 2019 International Conference on Human Factors in Training, Education, and Learning Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-20135-7_24"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martins, D., Cerqueira, S.M., Vieira, T.P., Pombeiro, A., and Santos, C.P. (2023, January 26\u201327). Towards a User-specific Ergonomics-based Approach for an Activity Assessment Tool. Proceedings of the 2023 IEEE International Conference on Autonomous Robot Systems and Competitions (ICARSC), Tomar, Portugal.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICARSC58346.2023.10129578"},{"key":"ref_129","first-page":"40","article-title":"Wearable Posture Monitoring System with Biofeedback via Smartphone","volume":"2","author":"Hermanis","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferrone, A., Garc\u00eda Pati\u00f1o, A., and Menon, C. (2021). Low Back Pain-Behavior Correction by Providing Haptic Feedbacks: A Preliminary Investigation. Sensors, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/s21217158"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1109\/TOH.2021.3112795","article-title":"A Directional Vibrotactile Feedback Interface for Ergonomic Postural Adjustment","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Haptics"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2006.04.006","article-title":"Diversity and variation in biomechanical exposure: What is it, and why would we like to know?","volume":"37","author":"Mathiassen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/24\/11\/3345\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:47:24Z","timestamp":1760107644000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/24\/11\/3345"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]]},"references-count":132,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["s24113345"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s24113345","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]]}}}