{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T20:13:28Z","timestamp":1777407208094,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2023-00281275"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00281275"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4199990113966"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4199990113966"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2023-00281275"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00281275"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4199990113966"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4199990113966"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An efficient design method for a compact and ultra-wideband multi-stage Wilkinson power divider in a parallel stripline (PSL) is proposed. To enhance the frequency bandwidth of the proposed power divider while reducing its size, the isolation branch is modified; that is, two capacitors are connected to both sides of a resistor at each isolation branch. For an efficient design process, the PSL power divider is equivalently represented by two microstrip power dividers, and the design equations are derived. Based on the design equations, an in-house algorithm is utilized to optimally determine the design parameters, including the line impedance, resistance, and capacitance of each stage. For example, a three-stage PSL power divider is designed with three \u03bb\/4 transmission lines at a base frequency of 5 GHz. To verify the accuracy of the design procedure, 3D EM simulations and measurements are performed, and the results show good agreement. Compared with the conventional three-stage Wilkinson power divider, the proposed PSL power divider achieves a wider frequency bandwidth of 1.16 to 6.51 GHz (139.5%) and a 23% shorter transmission line length of 207\u00b0, while exhibiting an insertion loss of 0.7 to 1.4 dB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24113437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T09:33:31Z","timestamp":1716802411000},"page":"3437","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Compact Ultra-Wideband Wilkinson Power Divider in Parallel Stripline with Modified Isolation Branches"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Dong-Jae","family":"Go","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0791-2769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byung-Cheol","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mun-Ju","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyun-Chul","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kang-Wook","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin, F., Zhu, L., Medina, F., and Hong, J.S. (2018). Balanced Microwave Filters, John Wiley & Sons.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119238386"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choi, J.S., Min, B.C., Kim, M.J., Kumar, S., Choi, H.C., and Kim, K.W. (2023). Design of a Common-Mode Rejection Filter Using Dumbbell-Shaped Defected Ground Structures Based on Equivalent Circuit Models. Electronics, 12.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202307.0003.v1"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3087","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2017.2723005","article-title":"0.5\u201320-GHz UWB Distributed Combiners and Dividers for Multi-Antenna Transceivers","volume":"65","author":"Testa","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Min, B.C., Lee, G.H., Lee, J.S., Nashuha, S.H., Choi, H.C., and Kim, K.W. (2022). Ultra-Wideband Differential Line-to-Balanced Line Transitions for Super-High-Speed Digital Transmission. Sensors, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/s22186873"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1109\/TCPMT.2012.2192439","article-title":"Bended Differential Transmission Line Using Compensation Inductance for Common-Mode Noise Suppression","volume":"2","author":"Chang","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Compon. Packag. Manuf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1109\/TADVP.2006.875413","article-title":"Noise reduction using compensation capacitance for bend discontinuities of differential transmission lines","volume":"29","author":"Shiue","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Adv. Packag."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1109\/LMWC.2008.2001009","article-title":"Ultra-Wideband Power Divider with Good In-Band Splitting and Isolation Performances","volume":"18","author":"Wong","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2019.2955107","article-title":"Proposal and Design of Power Divider with Wideband Power Division and Port-to-Port Isolation: A New Topology","volume":"68","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20210308","DOI":"10.1587\/elex.18.20210308","article-title":"A novel compact wideband microstrip Wilkinson power divider","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEICE Electron. Express."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Okada, Y., Kawai, T., and Enokihara, A. (2015, January 7\u201310). Wideband Lumped-Element Wilkinson Power Divider Using LC-Ladder Circuits. Proceedings of the 2015 European Microwave Conference, Paris, France.","DOI":"10.1109\/EuMC.2015.7345713"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.1968.1126617","article-title":"A Class of Broadband Three-Port TEM-Mode Hybrids","volume":"16","author":"Cohn","year":"1968","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Lee, S.W., Kim, C.S., Choi, K.S., Park, J.S., and Ahn, D. (2001, January 20\u201324). A General Design Formula of Multi-Section Power Divider Based on Singly Terminated Filter Design Theory. Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, Phoenix, AZ, USA."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.1971.1127448","article-title":"A New Method of Synthesizing Matched Broad-Band TEM-Mode Three-ports","volume":"19","author":"Ekinge","year":"1971","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1109\/LMWC.2005.859972","article-title":"A Wideband Compact Parallel-Strip 180\u00b0 Wilkinson Power Divider for Push-Pull Circuitries","volume":"16","author":"Chiu","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.26866\/jees.2019.19.3.147","article-title":"Miniaturized Multi-Section Power Divider with Parallel RC Isolation Circuit","volume":"19","author":"Yoon","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Electromagn. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2018.2799579","article-title":"A Broadband Wilkinson Power Divider Based on the Segmented Structure","volume":"66","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.2528\/PIERC12103101","article-title":"Wideband Planar Wilkinson Power Divider Using Double-Sided Parallel-Strip Line Technique","volume":"36","author":"Nor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog. Electromagn. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2419","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2007.908669","article-title":"A Parallel-Strip Ring Power Divider with High Isolation and Arbitrary Power-Dividing Ratio","volume":"55","author":"Chiu","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2148","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2004.834165","article-title":"Ultrawide-Band Transitions and New Microwave Components Using Double-Sided Parallel-Strip Lines","volume":"52","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.5515\/KJKIEES.2020.31.3.216","article-title":"Development of Ultra-Wideband Microstrip-to-Parallel Stripline Transition Based on Conformal Mapping","volume":"31","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Korean Inst. Electromagn. Eng. Sci."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/24\/11\/3437\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:49:19Z","timestamp":1760107759000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/24\/11\/3437"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["s24113437"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s24113437","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]]}}}