{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:07:36Z","timestamp":1760144856290,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004040","name":"KU Leuven","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C24M\/21\/046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C24M\/21\/046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004040","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: This study aimed to describe upper-limb (UL) movement quality parameters in women after breast cancer surgery and to explore their clinical relevance in relation to post-surgical pain and disability. (2) Methods: UL movement quality was assessed in 30 women before and 3 weeks after surgery for breast cancer. Via accelerometer data captured from a sensor located at the distal end of the forearm on the operated side, various movement quality parameters (local dynamic stability, movement predictability, movement smoothness, movement symmetry, and movement variability) were investigated while women performed a cyclic, weighted reaching task. At both test moments, the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (Quick DASH) questionnaire was filled out to assess UL disability and pain severity. (3) Results: No significant differences in movement quality parameters were found between the pre-surgical and post-surgical time points. No significant correlations between post-operative UL disability or pain severity and movement quality were found. (4) Conclusions: From this study sample, no apparent clinically relevant movement quality parameters could be derived for a cyclic, weighted reaching task. This suggests that the search for an easy-to-use, quantitative analysis tool for UL qualitative functioning to be used in research and clinical practice should continue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24113472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T07:38:39Z","timestamp":1716881919000},"page":"3472","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Upper-Limb Movement Quality before and after Surgery in Women with Breast Cancer: An Exploratory Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Jill","family":"Emmerzaal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nieke","family":"Vets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"CarEdOn Research Group, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8117-7080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nele","family":"Devoogdt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"CarEdOn Research Group, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Centre for Lymphoedema, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5091-6602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ann","family":"Smeets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"An","family":"De Groef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"CarEdOn Research Group, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"MOVANT Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium"},{"name":"Pain in Motion International Research Group, 1090 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1370-2090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liesbet","family":"De Baets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pain in Motion International Research Group, 1090 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Pain in Motion (PAIN) Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Chronic Pain Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine and Physiotherapy, University Hospital Brussels, 1090 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2018.07.005","article-title":"Cancer incidence and mortality patterns in Europe: Estimates for 40 countries and 25 major cancers in 2018","volume":"103","author":"Ferlay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"298","article-title":"Altered upper limb motor behavior in breast cancer survivors and its relation to pain: A narrative review","volume":"307","author":"Vets","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050518","article-title":"Effect of screening and adjuvant therapy on mortality from breast cancer","volume":"353","author":"Berry","year":"2005","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hidding, J.T., Beurskens, C.H., van der Wees, P.J., van Laarhoven, H.W., and Nijhuis-van der Sanden, M.W. (2014). Treatment related impairments in arm and shoulder in patients with breast cancer: A systematic review. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0096748"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-007-9710-9","article-title":"Prognosis of the upper limb following surgery and radiation for breast cancer","volume":"110","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2017.03.005","article-title":"Pain characteristics as important contributing factors to upper limb dysfunctions in breast cancer survivors at long term","volume":"29","author":"Meeus","year":"2017","journal-title":"Musculoskelet. Sci. Pract."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2016.4851","article-title":"A Standard Set of Value-Based Patient-Centered Outcomes for Breast Cancer: The International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement (ICHOM) Initiative","volume":"3","author":"Ong","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.27476","article-title":"A prospective surveillance model for rehabilitation for women with breast cancer","volume":"118","author":"Stout","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2019.12.010","article-title":"Instrumented assessment of shoulder function: A study of inertial sensor based methods","volume":"72","author":"Bavan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2005.11.019","article-title":"Self-reported physical functioning was more influenced by pain than performance-based physical functioning in knee-osteoarthritis patients","volume":"59","author":"Terwee","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2017.06.025","article-title":"Shoulder assessment according to the international classification of functioning by means of inertial sensor technologies: A systematic review","volume":"57","author":"Matheve","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stergiou, N. (2016). Nonlinear Analysis for Human Movement Variability, Taylor & Francis.","DOI":"10.1201\/b19571"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Emmerzaal, J., Corten, K., van der Straaten, R., De Baets, L., Van Rossom, S., Timmermans, A., Jonkers, I., and Vanwanseele, B. (2022). Movement Quality Parameters during Gait Assessed by a Single Accelerometer in Subjects with Osteoarthritis and Following Total Joint Arthroplasty. Sensors, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/s22082955"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2018.04.047","article-title":"The use of wearable devices for walking and running gait analysis outside of the lab: A systematic review","volume":"63","author":"Benson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(03)00233-1","article-title":"Estimation of gait cycle characteristics by trunk accelerometry","volume":"37","author":"Helbostad","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-007-0373-1","article-title":"ACL deficiency affects stride-to-stride variability as measured using nonlinear methodology","volume":"15","author":"Moraiti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2011.06.002","article-title":"Human movement variability, nonlinear dynamics, and pathology: Is there a connection?","volume":"30","author":"Stergiou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Mov. Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2588","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-010-0018-2","article-title":"Estimating dynamic gait stability using data from non-aligned inertial sensors","volume":"38","author":"Bruijn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2009.12.003","article-title":"Stability and variability of knee kinematics during gait in knee osteoarthritis before and after replacement surgery","volume":"25","author":"Yakhdani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-019-0215-y","article-title":"Smoothness: An Unexplored Window into Coordinated Running Proficiency","volume":"5","author":"Kiely","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sports Med.-Open"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2018.05.008","article-title":"Aging may negatively impact movement smoothness during stair negotiation","volume":"60","author":"Dixon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. Mov. Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2017.08.023","article-title":"Smoothness of gait detects early alterations of walking in persons with multiple sclerosis without disability","volume":"58","author":"Pau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.9734\/BJAST\/2013\/4698","article-title":"Entropy in the Analysis of Gait Complexity: A State of the Art","volume":"3","author":"Torres","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Appl. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22022","article-title":"Entropy analysis of tri-axial leg acceleration signal waveforms for measurement of decrease of physiological variability in human gait","volume":"30","author":"Tochigi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20070171","article-title":"Time series analysis of spontaneous upper-extremity movements of premature infants with brain injuries","volume":"88","author":"Ohgi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-015-0090-9","article-title":"On the analysis of movement smoothness","volume":"12","author":"Balasubramanian","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neuroeng. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Melendez-Calderon, A., Shirota, C., and Balasubramanian, S. (2020). Estimating Movement Smoothness From Inertial Measurement Units. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.558771"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S174","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20630","article-title":"Measures of adult shoulder function: Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Questionnaire (DASH) and its short version (QuickDASH), Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) Society standardized shoulder assessment form, Constant (Murley) Score (CS), Simple Shoulder Test (SST), Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS), Shoulder Disability Questionnaire (SDQ), and Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI)","volume":"63","author":"Angst","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2019.01.011","article-title":"Kinesiologic considerations for targeting activation of scapulothoracic muscles\u2014Part 2: Trapezius","volume":"23","author":"Camargo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Braz. J. Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"3","article-title":"Xsens MVN: Full 6DOF human motion tracking using miniature inertial sensors","volume":"1","author":"Roetenberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Xsens Motion Technol. BV Tech. Rep."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.07.022","article-title":"Patient-reported upper extremity outcome measures used in breast cancer survivors: A systematic review","volume":"95","author":"Harrington","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gummesson, C., Ward, M.M., and Atroshi, I. (2006). The shortened disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand questionnaire (QuickDASH): Validity and reliability based on responses within the full-length DASH. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 7.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-7-44"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-012-0668-3","article-title":"The appropriate use of approximate entropy and sample entropy with short data sets","volume":"41","author":"Yentes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TenBroek, T., Emmerik, R., Hasson, C., and Hamill, J. (2007). Lyapunov exponent estimation for human gait acceleration signals. J. Biomech., 40.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(07)70206-3"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-2789(93)90009-P","article-title":"A practical method for calculating largest Lyapunov exponents from small data sets","volume":"65","author":"Rosenstein","year":"1993","journal-title":"Phys. D Nonlinear Phenom."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20120999","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2012.0999","article-title":"Assessing the stability of human locomotion: A review of current measures","volume":"10","author":"Bruijn","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Interface"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H2039","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2000.278.6.H2039","article-title":"Physiological time-series analysis using approximate entropy and sample entropy","volume":"278","author":"Richman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-10-118","article-title":"A gait abnormality measure based on root mean square of trunk acceleration","volume":"10","author":"Sekine","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neuroeng. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Portney, L.G. (2020). Foundations of Clinical Research: Applications to Evidence-Based Practice, F.A. Davis. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.15191.1","article-title":"Raincloud plots: A multi-platform tool for robust data visualization","volume":"4","author":"Allen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"63","article-title":"RainCloudPlots\/RainCloudPlots: WellcomeOpenResearch (v1.1)","volume":"4","author":"Whitaker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Zenodo"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2012.05.028","article-title":"Analysis of gait and balance through a single triaxial accelerometer in presymptomatic and symptomatic Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"37","author":"Dalton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sch\u00fctte, K.H., Maas, E.A., Exadaktylos, V., Berckmans, D., Venter, R.E., and Vanwanseele, B. (2015). Wireless Tri-Axial Trunk Accelerometry Detects Deviations in Dynamic Center of Mass Motion Due to Running-Induced Fatigue. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0141957"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25657","article-title":"Tracking motor impairments in the progression of Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"29","author":"Long","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/24\/11\/3472\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:49:28Z","timestamp":1760107768000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/24\/11\/3472"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["s24113472"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s24113472","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]]}}}