{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T06:42:13Z","timestamp":1773124933099,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Lower Saxony Ministry of Science and Culture (MWK)","award":["11\u201476251-2005\/2021 (ZN 3503)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11\u201476251-2005\/2021 (ZN 3503)"]}]},{"name":"Volkswagen Foundation","award":["11\u201476251-2005\/2021 (ZN 3503)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11\u201476251-2005\/2021 (ZN 3503)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vital sign monitoring is dominated by precise but costly contact-based sensors. Contactless devices such as radars provide a promising alternative. In this article, the effects of lateral radar positions on breathing and heartbeat extraction are evaluated based on a sleep study. A lateral radar position is a radar placement from which multiple human body zones are mapped onto different radar range sections. These body zones can be used to extract breathing and heartbeat motions independently from one another via these different range sections. Radars were positioned above the bed as a conventional approach and on a bedside table as well as at the foot end of the bed as lateral positions. These positions were evaluated based on six nights of sleep collected from healthy volunteers with polysomnography (PSG) as a reference system. For breathing extraction, comparable results were observed for all three radar positions. For heartbeat extraction, a higher level of agreement between the radar foot end position and the PSG was found. An example of the distinction between thoracic and abdominal breathing using a lateral radar position is shown. Lateral radar positions could lead to a more detailed analysis of movements along the body, with the potential for diagnostic applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24113548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T06:35:32Z","timestamp":1717137332000},"page":"3548","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Evaluation of Lateral Radar Positioning for Vital Sign Monitoring: An Empirical Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2508-9785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars","family":"Hornig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Media Technology IDMT, Oldenburg Branch for Hearing, Speech and Audio Technology HSA, Marie-Curie-Stra\u00dfe 2, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5365-8779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedek","family":"Szmola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Media Technology IDMT, Oldenburg Branch for Hearing, Speech and Audio Technology HSA, Marie-Curie-Stra\u00dfe 2, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany"},{"name":"Medizinische Physik, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26046 Oldenburg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Health Science, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26046 Oldenburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2087-9353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wiebke","family":"P\u00e4tzold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Media Technology IDMT, Oldenburg Branch for Hearing, Speech and Audio Technology HSA, Marie-Curie-Stra\u00dfe 2, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3699-3414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan Paul","family":"Vox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Media Technology IDMT, Oldenburg Branch for Hearing, Speech and Audio Technology HSA, Marie-Curie-Stra\u00dfe 2, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8739-5532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen Insa","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Media Technology IDMT, Oldenburg Branch for Hearing, Speech and Audio Technology HSA, Marie-Curie-Stra\u00dfe 2, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12821","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2020.3023486","article-title":"Contactless methods for measuring respiratory rate: A review","volume":"21","author":"Massaroni","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. 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