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Among these, flexural-mode piezoelectric resonators (FMPRs) are progressively gaining prominence due to their compact, precise, and efficient performance in diverse applications. FMPRs, resonators that utilize one- or two-dimensional piezoelectric materials as their resonant structure, vibrate in a flexural mode. The resonant properties of the resonator directly influence its performance, making in-depth research into the resonant characteristics of FMPRs practically significant for optimizing their design and enhancing their performance. With the swift advancement of micro-nano electronic technology, the application range of FMPRs continues to broaden. These resonators, representing a domain of piezoelectric material application in micro-nanoelectromechanical systems, have found extensive use in the field of physical sensing and are starting to be used in micropower systems and biomedicine. This paper reviews the structure, working principle, resonance characteristics, applications, and future prospects of FMPRs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24113625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T05:17:30Z","timestamp":1717478250000},"page":"3625","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Flexural-Mode Piezoelectric Resonators: Structure, Performance, and Emerging Applications in Physical Sensing Technology, Micropower Systems, and Biomedicine"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2857-8923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xianfa","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210046, China"}]},{"given":"Yiqin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210046, China"}]},{"given":"Yunqi","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5483-0013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenyu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1396-9692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.8b00412","article-title":"Solid-state microfluidics with integrated thin-film acoustic sensors","volume":"3","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203501","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4992046","article-title":"On-chip nanofluidic integration of acoustic sensors towards high Q in liquid","volume":"111","author":"Liang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. 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