{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T09:52:23Z","timestamp":1762509143242,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004955","name":"Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["883914","870027","761000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["883914","870027","761000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004955","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Predict project","award":["883914","870027","761000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["883914","870027","761000"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["883914","870027","761000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["883914","870027","761000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hydrogels are of great importance for functionalizing sensors and microfluidics, and poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEG-DMA) is often used as a viscosifier for printable hydrogel precursor inks. In this study, 1\u201310 kDa PEG-DMA based hydrogels were characterized by gravimetric and electrochemical methods to investigate the diffusivity of small molecules and proteins. Swelling ratios (SRs) of 14.43\u20139.24, as well as mesh sizes \u03be of 3.58\u20136.91 nm were calculated, and it was found that the SR correlates with the molar concentration of PEG-DMA in the ink (MCI) (SR = 0.1127 \u00d7 MCI + 8.3256, R2 = 0.9692) and \u03be correlates with the molecular weight (Mw) (\u03be = 0.3382 \u00d7 Mw + 3.638, R2 = 0.9451). To investigate the sensing properties, methylene blue (MB) and MB-conjugated proteins were measured on electrochemical sensors with and without hydrogel coating. It was found that on sensors with 10 kDa PEG-DMA hydrogel modification, the DPV peak currents were reduced to 92 % for MB, 73 % for MB-BSA, and 23 % for MB-IgG. To investigate the diffusion properties of MB(-conjugates) in hydrogels with 1\u201310 kDa PEG-DMA, diffusivity was calculated from the current equation. It was found that diffusivity increases with increasing \u03be. Finally, the release of MB-BSA was detected after drying the MB-BSA-containing hydrogel, which is a promising result for the development of hydrogel-based reagent reservoirs for biosensing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24113678","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T06:40:26Z","timestamp":1717656026000},"page":"3678","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Electrochemical Diffusion Study in Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Dimethacrylate-Based Hydrogels"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2895-619X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Melnik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Diagnostics, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6335-8056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steffen","family":"Kurzhals","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Diagnostics, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3951-6381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgio C.","family":"Mutinati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Diagnostics, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}]},{"given":"Valerio","family":"Beni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioelectronics and Organic Electronics, Smart Hardware, Digital Systems, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, 60233 Norrk\u00f6ping, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Hainberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Diagnostics, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2022.12.005","article-title":"Biosensors for healthcare: Current and future perspectives","volume":"41","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1039\/b916888e","article-title":"Advanced printing and deposition methodologies for the fabrication of biosensors and biodevices","volume":"135","author":"Morrin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1039\/b714449k","article-title":"Electrochemical biosensors","volume":"39","author":"Ronkainen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. 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