{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T04:12:48Z","timestamp":1772770368756,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,8]],"date-time":"2024-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Youth Excellence Foundation","award":["JQZQ021901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JQZQ021901"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The domain of gamma-ray imaging necessitates technological advancements to surmount the challenge of energy-selective imaging. Conventional systems are constrained in their dynamic focus on specific energy ranges, a capability imperative for differentiating gamma-ray emissions from diverse sources. This investigation introduces an innovative imaging system predicated on the detection of recoil electrons, addressing the demand for adjustable energy selectivity. Our methodology encompasses the design of a gamma-ray imaging system that leverages recoil electron detection to execute energy-selective imaging. The system\u2019s efficacy was investigated experimentally, with emphasis on the adaptability of the energy selection window. The experimental outcomes underscore the system\u2019s adeptness at modulating the energy selection window, adeptly discriminating gamma rays across a stipulated energy spectrum. The results corroborate the system\u2019s adaptability, with an adjustable energy resolution that coincides with theoretical projections and satisfies the established criteria. This study affirms the viability and merits of utilizing recoil electrons for tunable energy-selective gamma-ray imaging. The system\u2019s conceptualization and empirical validation represent a notable progress in gamma-ray imaging technology, with prospective applications extending from medical imaging to astrophysics. This research sets a solid foundation for subsequent inquiries and advancements in this domain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24123736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T08:59:06Z","timestamp":1718009946000},"page":"3736","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Experimental Demonstration of a Tunable Energy-Selective Gamma-Ray Imaging System Based on Recoil Electrons"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2403-1615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changqing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi\u2019an 710024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhaohui","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi\u2019an 710024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianxing","family":"Da","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0435-6042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haoqing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi\u2019an 710024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baojun","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi\u2019an 710024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6366-3264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi\u2019an 710024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongwei","family":"Hei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi\u2019an 710024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qunshu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi\u2019an 710024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Khafaji, M., and Bavi, O. 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