{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T17:50:06Z","timestamp":1772301006577,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003696","name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) of the Republic of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24YB1310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24YB1310"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003696","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We present two magnetic particle imaging (MPI) systems with bore sizes of 75 mm and 100 mm, respectively, using three-dimensionally arranged permanent magnets for excitation and frequency mixing magnetic detection (FMMD) coils for detection. A rotational and a translational stage were combined to move the field free line (FFL) and acquire the MPI signal, thereby enabling simultaneous overall translation and rotational movement. With this concept, the complex coil system used in many MPI systems, with its high energy consumption to generate the drive field, can be replaced. The characteristic signal of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles was generated via movement of the FFL and acquired using the FMMD coil. The positions of the stages and the occurrence of the f1 + 2f2 harmonics were mapped to reconstruct the spatial location of the SPIO. Image reconstruction was performed using Radon and inverse Radon transformations. As a result, the presented method based on mechanical movement of permanent magnets can be used to measure the MPI, even for samples as large as 100 mm. Our research could pave the way for further technological developments to make the equipment human size, which is one of the ultimate goals of MPI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24123776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T08:59:06Z","timestamp":1718009946000},"page":"3776","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["MPI System with Bore Sizes of 75 mm and 100 mm Using Permanent Magnets and FMMD Technique"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9252-9742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae Chan","family":"Jeong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tae Yi","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0029-6617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyeon Sung","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4302-2635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beom Su","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7526-9894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans Joachim","family":"Krause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich, 52425 J\u00fclich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyo Bong","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03808","article-title":"Tomographic imaging using the nonlinear response of magnetic particles","volume":"435","author":"Gleich","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2018.12.007","article-title":"Superparamagnetic iron oxides as MPI tracers: A primer and review of early applications","volume":"138","author":"Bulte","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. 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