{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T14:54:31Z","timestamp":1777215271640,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]],"date-time":"2024-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional-European Regional Development Fund (FEDER, ERDF)","award":["BU025P23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BU025P23"]}]},{"name":"Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional-European Regional Development Fund (FEDER, ERDF)","award":["PID2020-113264RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2020-113264RB-I00"]}]},{"name":"Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional-European Regional Development Fund (FEDER, ERDF)","award":["BG22\/00086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BG22\/00086"]}]},{"name":"Regional Government of Castilla y Le\u00f3n\u2014Consejer\u00eda de Educaci\u00f3n, Junta de Castilla y Le\u00f3n","award":["BU025P23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BU025P23"]}]},{"name":"Regional Government of Castilla y Le\u00f3n\u2014Consejer\u00eda de Educaci\u00f3n, Junta de Castilla y Le\u00f3n","award":["PID2020-113264RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2020-113264RB-I00"]}]},{"name":"Regional Government of Castilla y Le\u00f3n\u2014Consejer\u00eda de Educaci\u00f3n, Junta de Castilla y Le\u00f3n","award":["BG22\/00086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BG22\/00086"]}]},{"name":"Regional Government of Castilla y Le\u00f3n (Junta de Castilla y Le\u00f3n)","award":["BU025P23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BU025P23"]}]},{"name":"Regional Government of Castilla y Le\u00f3n (Junta de Castilla y Le\u00f3n)","award":["PID2020-113264RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2020-113264RB-I00"]}]},{"name":"Regional Government of Castilla y Le\u00f3n (Junta de Castilla y Le\u00f3n)","award":["BG22\/00086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BG22\/00086"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Innovation MICIN and the European Union NextGenerationEU PRTR","award":["BU025P23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BU025P23"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Innovation MICIN and the European Union NextGenerationEU PRTR","award":["PID2020-113264RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2020-113264RB-I00"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Innovation MICIN and the European Union NextGenerationEU PRTR","award":["BG22\/00086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BG22\/00086"]}]},{"name":"MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033","award":["BU025P23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BU025P23"]}]},{"name":"MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033","award":["PID2020-113264RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2020-113264RB-I00"]}]},{"name":"MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033","award":["BG22\/00086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BG22\/00086"]}]},{"name":"\u201cERDF A way of making Europe\u201d","award":["BU025P23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BU025P23"]}]},{"name":"\u201cERDF A way of making Europe\u201d","award":["PID2020-113264RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2020-113264RB-I00"]}]},{"name":"\u201cERDF A way of making Europe\u201d","award":["BG22\/00086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BG22\/00086"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministerio de Universidades","award":["BU025P23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BU025P23"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministerio de Universidades","award":["PID2020-113264RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2020-113264RB-I00"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministerio de Universidades","award":["BG22\/00086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BG22\/00086"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, sensory polymers have evolved significantly, emerging as versatile and cost-effective materials valued for their flexibility and lightweight nature. These polymers have transformed into sophisticated, active systems capable of precise detection and interaction, driving innovation across various domains, including smart materials, biomedical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and industrial safety. Their unique responsiveness to specific stimuli has sparked considerable interest and exploration in numerous applications. However, along with these advancements, notable challenges need to be addressed. Issues such as wearable technology integration, biocompatibility, selectivity and sensitivity enhancement, stability and reliability improvement, signal processing optimization, IoT integration, and data analysis pose significant hurdles. When considered collectively, these challenges present formidable barriers to the commercial viability of sensory polymer-based technologies. Addressing these challenges requires a multifaceted approach encompassing technological innovation, regulatory compliance, market analysis, and commercialization strategies. Successfully navigating these complexities is essential for unlocking the full potential of sensory polymers and ensuring their widespread adoption and impact across industries, while also providing guidance to the scientific community to focus their research on the challenges of polymeric sensors and to understand the future prospects where research efforts need to be directed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24123852","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]],"date-time":"2024-06-14T08:02:26Z","timestamp":1718352146000},"page":"3852","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Sensory Polymers: Trends, Challenges, and Prospects Ahead"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Cintia","family":"Virumbrales","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5018-0845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5948-1230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miriam","family":"Trigo-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5522-6574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sa\u00fal","family":"Vallejos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2674-8194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.3c00139","article-title":"Recent Progress in Biomedical Sensors Based on Conducting Polymer Hydrogels","volume":"6","author":"Gamboa","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Bio Mater."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alberti, G., Zanoni, C., Losi, V., Magnaghi, L.R., and Biesuz, R. (2021). Current Trends in Polymer Based Sensors. Chemosensors, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/chemosensors9050108"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymertesting.2018.03.024","article-title":"Polymer-Based Sensors: A Review","volume":"67","author":"Cichosz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Polym. Test."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3118","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-3773(20010903)40:17<3118::AID-ANIE3118>3.0.CO;2-Y","article-title":"Sensing a Paradigm Shift in the Field of Molecular Recognition: From Selective to Differential Receptors","volume":"40","author":"Lavigne","year":"2001","journal-title":"Angew. Chem.-Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14214","DOI":"10.3390\/s131014214","article-title":"Towards a Chemiresistive Sensor-Integrated Electronic Nose: A Review","volume":"13","author":"Chiu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-004-0291-6","article-title":"Chemical Sensors for Electronic Nose Systems","volume":"149","author":"James","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microchim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2014.02.016","article-title":"Advances in Artificial Olfaction: Sensors and Applications","volume":"124","author":"Horrillo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.7b04751","article-title":"Polymer-Based Technologies for Sensing Applications","volume":"90","author":"Carvalho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dickert, F.L. (2018). Molecular Imprinting and Functional Polymers for All Transducers and Applications. Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/s18020327"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2015.07.013","article-title":"Molecularly-Imprinted Polymer Sensors: Realising Their Potential","volume":"76","author":"Uzun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2020.128973","article-title":"MIPs for Commercial Application in Low-Cost Sensors and Assays\u2014An Overview of the Current Status Quo","volume":"325","author":"Lowdon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cao, Y., Feng, T., Xu, J., and Xue, C. (2019). Recent Advances of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Sensors in the Detection of Food Safety Hazard Factors. Biosens. Bioelectron., 141.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2019.111447"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alam, M.W., Bhat, S.I., Al Qahtani, H.S., Aamir, M., Amin, M.N., Farhan, M., Aldabal, S., Khan, M.S., Jeelani, I., and Nawaz, A. (2022). Recent Progress, Challenges, and Trends in Polymer-Based Sensors: A Review. Polymers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14112164"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snr.2023.100153","article-title":"Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) Based Electrochemical Sensors and Their Recent Advances in Health Applications","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators Rep."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alberti, G., Zanoni, C., Spina, S., Magnaghi, L.R., and Biesuz, R. (2023). Trends in Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs)-Based Plasmonic Sensors. Chemosensors, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/chemosensors11020144"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Denizli, A. (2021). Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers. Plasmonic Sensors and their Applications, GmbH.","DOI":"10.1002\/9783527830343"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaur, B., Kumar, S., and Kaushik, B.K. (2023). Trends, Challenges, and Advances in Optical Sensing for Pathogenic Bacteria Detection (PathoBactD). Biosens. Bioelectron. X, 14.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosx.2023.100352"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2020.121411","article-title":"Recent Advances and Future Trends on Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Fluorescence Sensors with Luminescent Carbon Dots","volume":"223","author":"Ansari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1002\/elan.201800623","article-title":"Recent Advances in Electrochemical Sensors Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers and Nanomaterials","volume":"31","author":"Lahcen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Electroanalysis"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2023.117205","article-title":"Emerging Trends in Green Carbon Dots Coated with Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Sensor Platforms","volume":"166","author":"Hussain","year":"2023","journal-title":"TrAC Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2023.136100","article-title":"Carbon Nanomaterial-Based Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Sensors for Detection of Hazardous Substances in Food: Recent Progress and Future Trends","volume":"420","author":"Chi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-023-06030-4","article-title":"Exploring the Potential of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers and Metal\/Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Sensors: Recent Advancements and Prospects","volume":"190","author":"Lamaoui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microchim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, G., Huang, X., Li, L., Xu, X., Zhang, Y., Lv, J., and Xu, D. (2019). Recent Advances and Perspectives of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Fluorescent Sensors in Food and Environment Analysis. Nanomaterials, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano9071030"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2010.09.046","article-title":"Conductive Polymer-Based Sensors for Biomedical Applications","volume":"26","author":"Nambiar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2537","DOI":"10.1021\/cr9801014","article-title":"Conjugated Polymer-Based Chemical Sensors","volume":"100","author":"Pullen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1021\/cr0501339","article-title":"Chemical Sensors Based on Amplifying Fluorescent Conjugated Polymers","volume":"107","author":"Thomas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4488","DOI":"10.1021\/am400939w","article-title":"Conjugated Amplifying Polymers for Optical Sensing Applications","volume":"5","author":"Rochat","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2018.10.039","article-title":"Easy and Inexpensive Method for the Visual and Electronic Detection of Oxidants in Air by Using Vinylic Films with Embedded Aniline","volume":"364","author":"Pascual","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"1456","article-title":"Recent Developments of Conductive Polymers\/Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposites for Sensor Applications","volume":"61","author":"Mostafa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Polym. Technol. Mater."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12036","DOI":"10.1039\/D0TC02600J","article-title":"Recent Developments of Colorimetric Mechanical Sensors Based on Polymer Composites","volume":"8","author":"Inci","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1007\/s10118-021-2553-8","article-title":"Polymer Nanocomposites in Sensor Applications: A Review on Present Trends and Future Scope","volume":"39","author":"Shukla","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin. J. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zamiri, G., and Haseeb, A.S.M.A. (2020). Recent Trends and Developments in Graphene \/ Conducting Polymer Nanocomposites. Materials, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13153311"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spychalska, K., Zajac, D., Baluta, S., Halicka, K., and Cabaj, J. (2020). Functional Polymers Structures for (Bio)Sensing Application\u2014A Review. Polymers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12051154"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giuffrida, S.G., Forysiak, W., Cwynar, P., and Szweda, R. (2022). Shaping Macromolecules for Sensing Applications\u2014From Polymer Hydrogels to Foldamers. Polymers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14030580"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.128300","article-title":"A Simple One-Pot Determination of Both Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Honey by Polymer Chemosensors","volume":"342","author":"Sancho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60454","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c19228","article-title":"Chromogenic Anticounterfeit and Security Papers: An Easy and Effective Approach","volume":"13","author":"Aguado","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2018.11.066","article-title":"Polymer Films Containing Chemically Anchored Diazonium Salts with Long-Term Stability as Colorimetric Sensors","volume":"365","author":"Bustamante","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oveissi, F., Nguyen, L.H., Giaretta, J.E., Shahrbabaki, Z., Rath, R.J., Apalangya, V.A., Yun, J., Dehghani, F., and Naficy, S. (2022). Sensors for Food Quality and Safety. Food Engineering Innovations across the Food Supply Chain, Academic Press.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-821292-9.00010-8"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vallejos, S., Trigo-L\u00f3pez, M., Arnaiz, A., Miguel, \u00c1., Mu\u00f1oz, A., Mend\u00eda, A., and Garc\u00eda, J.M. (2022). From Classical to Advanced Use of Polymers in Food and Beverage Applications. Polymers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14224954"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2023.114472","article-title":"Recent Progress in Hybrid Conducting Polymers and Metal Oxide Nanocomposite for Room-Temperature Gas Sensor Applications: A Review","volume":"359","author":"Zegebreal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators A Phys."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4797","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaelm.2c00721","article-title":"Recent Studies on the Humidity Sensor: A Mini Review","volume":"4","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Electron. Mater."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.0c04952","article-title":"Recent Developments in Polymer Nanocomposite-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Detecting Environmental Pollutants","volume":"60","author":"Tajik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-4005(95)01679-1","article-title":"Optical Sensors for in Vitro Blood Gas Analysis","volume":"29","author":"Leiner","year":"1995","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13710","DOI":"10.1039\/C7TA03902F","article-title":"Direct Visual Detection and Quantification of Mercury in Fresh Fish Meat Using Facilely Prepared Polymeric Sensory Labels","volume":"5","author":"Vallejos","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1080\/10601325.2022.2054348","article-title":"Recent Advances in Polymeric Chemosensors for the Detection and Removal of Mercury Ions in Complex Aqueous Media","volume":"59","author":"Sharma","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Macromol. Sci. Part A"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5926","DOI":"10.1021\/ac0346914","article-title":"Fluorescent Molecular Thermometers Based on Polymers Showing Temperature-Induced Phase Transitions and Labeled with Polarity-Responsive Benzofurazans","volume":"75","author":"Uchiyama","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boulatov, R. (2014). Mechanochemistry of Topological Complex Polymer Systems. Polymer Mechanochemistry, Springer. Topics in Current Chemistry.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-22825-9"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2158","DOI":"10.1039\/C4SC01945H","article-title":"Molecular Engineering of Mechanophore Activity for Stress-Responsive Polymeric Materials","volume":"6","author":"Brown","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trechm.2023.02.005","article-title":"Technology Pull: Scale-up of Polymeric Mechanochemical Force Sensors","volume":"5","author":"Rognin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Chem."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chi, C., Sun, X., Xue, N., Li, T., and Liu, C. (2018). Recent Progress in Technologies for Tactile Sensors. Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/s18040948"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1904532","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201904532","article-title":"Ionic Tactile Sensors for Emerging Human-Interactive Technologies: A Review of Recent Progress","volume":"30","author":"Amoli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, W.T., Tang, X.G., Tang, Z., and Sun, Q.J. (2023). Recent Advances in Polymer Composites for Flexible Pressure Sensors. Polymers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15092176"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2021.07.039","article-title":"Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Optical Sensors for Pesticides in Foods: Recent Advances and Future Trends","volume":"116","author":"Fang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2023.215455","article-title":"Luminescent Sensors for Residual Antibiotics Detection in Food: Recent Advances and Perspectives","volume":"498","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-022-00443-6","article-title":"Wearable and Flexible Electrochemical Sensors for Sweat Analysis: A Review","volume":"9","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microsyst. Nanoeng."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5511","DOI":"10.1039\/C6AY00810K","article-title":"Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Solid Phase Extraction Combined High Performance Liquid Chromatography for Determination of Fluoroquinolones in Milk","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11130","DOI":"10.1021\/jf5037933","article-title":"Molecularly Imprinted Solid-Phase Extraction for Selective Extraction of Bisphenol Analogues in Beverages and Canned Food","volume":"62","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2022.133165","article-title":"Lab-on-a-Chip for the Easy and Visual Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Saliva Based on Sensory Polymers","volume":"379","author":"Arnaiz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3735","DOI":"10.1039\/C8TB00682B","article-title":"Polymeric Chemosensor for the Detection and Quantification of Chloride in Human Sweat. Application to the Diagnosis of Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"6","author":"Vallejos","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/s41528-020-00081-w","article-title":"Thread-Based Multiplexed Sensor Patch for Real-Time Sweat Monitoring","volume":"4","author":"Punjiya","year":"2020","journal-title":"NPJ Flex. Electron."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davis, N., Heikenfeld, J., Milla, C., and Javey, A. (2024). The Challenges and Promise of Sweat Sensing. Nat. Biotechnol.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-023-02059-1"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2011.05.041","article-title":"A Selective and Highly Sensitive Fluorescent Probe of Hg2+ in Organic and Aqueous Media: The Role of a Polymer Network in Extending the Sensing Phenomena to Water Environments","volume":"157","author":"Vallejos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2011.09.055","article-title":"Sensitive and Fast Recognition of Explosives Using Fluorescent Polymer Sensors and Pattern Recognition Analysis","volume":"160","author":"Cho","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2021.01.062","article-title":"Sensory Development for Heavy Metal Detection: A Review on Translation from Conventional Analysis to Field-Portable Sensor","volume":"109","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pascual, B.S., Vallejos, S., Ramos, C., Sanz, M.T., Ruiz, J.A.R., Garc\u00eda, F.C., and Garc\u00eda, J.M. (2018). Sensory Polymeric Foams as a Tool for Improving Sensing Performance of Sensory Polymers. Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/s18124378"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reactfunctpolym.2018.10.007","article-title":"Recent Developments in Sensing Devices Based on Polymeric Systems","volume":"133","year":"2018","journal-title":"React. Funct. Polym."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2021.103480","article-title":"Recent Developments in Textile Based Polymeric Smart Sensor for Human Health Monitoring: A Review","volume":"15","author":"Zahid","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arab. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-823442-6.00008-8","article-title":"Current Trends on Flexible and Wearable Mechanical Sensors Based on Conjugated Polymers Combined with Carbon Nanotubes","volume":"Volume 1","author":"Palumbo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Conjugated Polymers for Next-Generation Applications"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Veeramuthu, L., Venkatesan, M., Benas, J.S., Cho, C.J., Lee, C.C., Lieu, F.K., Lin, J.H., Lee, R.H., and Kuo, C.C. (2021). Recent Progress in Conducting Polymer Composite\/Nanofiber-Based Strain and Pressure Sensors. Polymers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13244281"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3167","DOI":"10.1002\/pol.20230200","article-title":"Recent Development of Conductive Polymer Composite-Based Strain Sensors","volume":"61","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1039\/D2MA00818A","article-title":"Wearable Strain Sensors: State-of-the-Art and Future Applications","volume":"4","author":"Yadav","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Adv."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2018.08.037","article-title":"Recent Developments in Bio-Monitoring via Advanced Polymer Nanocomposite-Based Wearable Strain Sensors","volume":"123","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mser.2017.02.001","article-title":"Recent Advances in Wearable Tactile Sensors: Materials, Sensing Mechanisms, and Device Performance","volume":"115","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. R Rep."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Tran, V., Lee, K., Nguyen, T.N., and Lee, D. (2023). Recent Advances and Progress of Conducting Polymer-Based Hydrogels in Strain Sensor Applications. Gels, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/gels9010012"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1039\/C7LC00192D","article-title":"Eyeglasses Based Wireless Electrolyte and Metabolite Sensor Platform","volume":"17","author":"Sempionatto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2019.04.058","article-title":"Eyeglasses-Based Tear Biosensing System: Non-Invasive Detection of Alcohol, Vitamins and Glucose","volume":"137","author":"Sempionatto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2017.2698523","article-title":"Monitoring Chewing and Eating in Free-Living Using Smart Eyeglasses","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE J. Biomed. Heal. Inform."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341277","article-title":"Emerging Trends in Wearable Glove-Based Sensors: A Review","volume":"1262","author":"Tsong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8733","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201501365","article-title":"Solid Polymer Substrates and Coated Fibers Containing 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene Motifs as Smart Labels for the Visual Detection of Biogenic Amine Vapors","volume":"21","author":"Pablos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Eur. J."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37051","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c09467","article-title":"Easy Nitrite Analysis of Processed Meat with Colorimetric Polymer Sensors and a Smartphone App","volume":"14","author":"Arnaiz","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2019.101149","article-title":"Stimuli-Chromism of Photoswitches in Smart Polymers: Recent Advances and Applications as Chemosensors","volume":"98","author":"Abdollahi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qian, S., Cui, Y., Cai, Z., and Li, L. (2022). Applications of Smartphone-Based Colorimetric Biosensors. Biosens. Bioelectron. X, 11.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosx.2022.100173"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2021.129688","article-title":"Monitoring of the Evolution of Human Chronic Wounds Using a Ninhydrin-Based Sensory Polymer and a Smartphone","volume":"335","author":"Ibeas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2023.125283","article-title":"Emerging Trends in Sensors Based on Molecular Imprinting Technology: Harnessing Smartphones for Portable Detection and Recognition","volume":"268","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2010.07.008","article-title":"Conjugated Rod\u2013Coil Block Copolymers: Synthesis, Morphology, Photophysical Properties, and Stimuli-Responsive Applications","volume":"36","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prog. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2004.03.002","article-title":"Polymers in Sensor Applications","volume":"29","author":"Adhikari","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prog. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_87","unstructured":"(2024, April 16). Sensor Market Size to Hit Around USD 508.64 Billion by 2032. Available online: https:\/\/www.precedenceresearch.com\/sensor-market."},{"key":"ref_88","unstructured":"(2024, April 16). Smart\/Intelligent Sensors Market Outlook, Trends, Analysis 2031. Available online: https:\/\/www.transparencymarketresearch.com\/smart-intelligent-sensor-market.html."},{"key":"ref_89","unstructured":"(2024, April 16). Sensors|Special Issue: State-of-the-Art Polymer Based PH Sensors. Available online: https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/journal\/sensors\/special_issues\/polymer_ph_sensors."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hybadv.2022.100001","article-title":"Exploring Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as Artificial Antibodies for Efficient Diagnostics and Commercialization: A Critical Overview","volume":"1","author":"Dixit","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hybrid Adv."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100910","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fpsl.2022.100910","article-title":"Metal-Free Organic Polymer for the Preparation of a Reusable Antimicrobial Material with Real-Life Application as an Absorbent Food Pad","volume":"33","author":"Rovira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Packag. Shelf Life"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2018.06.118","article-title":"Recent Advances of Conjugated Polymer (CP) Nanocomposite-Based Chemical Sensors and Their Applications in Food Spoilage Detection: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"273","author":"Pavase","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/24\/12\/3852\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:58:45Z","timestamp":1760108325000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/24\/12\/3852"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]]},"references-count":92,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["s24123852"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s24123852","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]]}}}