{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T12:44:35Z","timestamp":1766580275407,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","award":["RS-2024-00338055","2022M3D1A2054488"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00338055","2022M3D1A2054488"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2024-00338055","2022M3D1A2054488"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00338055","2022M3D1A2054488"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Accurately predicting the distance an object will travel to its destination is very important in various sports. Acceleration sensors as a means of real-time monitoring are gaining increasing attention in sports. Due to the low energy output and power density of Triboelectric Nanogenerators (TENGs), recent efforts have focused on developing various acceleration sensors. However, these sensors suffer from significant drawbacks, including large size, high complexity, high power input requirements, and high cost. Here, we described a portable and cost-effective real-time refreshable strategy design comprising a series of individually addressable and controllable units based on TENGs embedded in a flexible substrate. This results in a highly sensitive, low-cost, and self-powered acceleration sensor. Putting, which accounts for nearly half of all strokes played, is obviously an important component of the golf game. The developed acceleration sensor has an accuracy controlled within 5%. The initial velocity and acceleration of the forward movement of a rolling golf ball after it is hit by a putter can be displayed, and the stopping distance is quickly calculated and predicted in about 7 s. This research demonstrates the application of the portable TENG-based acceleration sensor while paving the way for designing portable, cost-effective, scalable, and harmless ubiquitous self-powered acceleration sensors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24124021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]],"date-time":"2024-06-21T03:44:49Z","timestamp":1718941489000},"page":"4021","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Self-Powered Acceleration Sensor for Distance Prediction via Triboelectrification"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Zhengbing","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7656-2147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dinh Cong","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hakjeong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyungwho","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0914-8880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jihae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Golf Industry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4788-0215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dukhyun","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Future Energy Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19076","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5b04516","article-title":"Triboelectric nanogenerators as a self-powered 3D acceleration sensor","volume":"7","author":"Pang","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Appl. 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