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Based on previous research, this paper discusses the limitations of current surveillance methods, particularly in managing information overload and false alarms that result from integrating multiple sensor technologies. To address these issues, we propose a new fusion model that utilises Probabilistic Occupancy Maps (POMs) and Bayesian fusion techniques. The fusion model is evaluated on a comprehensive dataset comprising three use cases with a total of eight real life critical scenarios. We show that, with this model, the detection accuracy can be increased while simultaneously reducing the false alarms in railway security surveillance systems. This way, our approach aims to enhance situational awareness and reduce false alarms, thereby improving the effectiveness of railway security measures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24134118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]],"date-time":"2024-06-26T09:29:33Z","timestamp":1719394173000},"page":"4118","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Robust Detection of Critical Events in the Context of Railway Security Based on Multimodal Sensor Data Fusion"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1640-5614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Hubner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kilian","family":"Wohlleben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2101-2188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Litzenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Veigl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Opitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5733-072X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Grebien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joanneum Research Forschungsgeselllschaft mbH, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franz","family":"Graf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joanneum Research Forschungsgeselllschaft mbH, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Haderer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joby Austria GmbH, 4040 Linz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Rechbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joby Austria GmbH, 4040 Linz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Poltschak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joby Austria GmbH, 4040 Linz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Killen, A., Coxon, D.S., and Napper, D.R. (2024, May 09). A Review of the Literature on Mitigation Strategies for Vandalism in Rail Environments; Auckland, New Zealand. Available online: https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:168167086."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, T., Aftab, W., Mihaylova, L., Langran-Wheeler, C., Rigby, S., Fletcher, D., Maddock, S., and Bosworth, G. (2022). Recent Advances in Video Analytics for Rail Network Surveillance for Security, Trespass and Suicide Prevention\u2014A Survey. Sensors, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/s22124324"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grabu\u0161i\u0107, S., and Bari\u0107, D. (2023). A Systematic Review of Railway Trespassing: Problems and Prevention Measures. Sustainability, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/su151813878"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Foga\u00e7a, J., Brand\u00e3o, T., and Ferreira, J.C. (2023). 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