{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T15:57:15Z","timestamp":1782316635036,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","award":["PNURSP2024R135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2024R135"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, the technological landscape has undergone a profound metamorphosis catalyzed by the widespread integration of drones across diverse sectors. Essential to the drone manufacturing process is comprehensive testing, typically conducted in controlled laboratory settings to uphold safety and privacy standards. However, a formidable challenge emerges due to the inherent limitations of GPS signals within indoor environments, posing a threat to the accuracy of drone positioning. This limitation not only jeopardizes testing validity but also introduces instability and inaccuracies, compromising the assessment of drone performance. Given the pivotal role of precise GPS-derived data in drone autopilots, addressing this indoor-based GPS constraint is imperative to ensure the reliability and resilience of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This paper delves into the implementation of an Indoor Positioning System (IPS) leveraging computer vision. The proposed system endeavors to detect and localize UAVs within indoor environments through an enhanced vision-based triangulation approach. A comparative analysis with alternative positioning methodologies is undertaken to ascertain the efficacy of the proposed system. The results obtained showcase the efficiency and precision of the designed system in detecting and localizing various types of UAVs, underscoring its potential to advance the field of indoor drone navigation and testing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24134121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]],"date-time":"2024-06-26T09:29:33Z","timestamp":1719394173000},"page":"4121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Vision-Based UAV Detection and Localization to Indoor Positioning System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Kheireddine","family":"Choutri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aeronautical Sciences Laboratory, Aeronautical and Spatial Studies Institute, Blida 1 University, Blida 0900, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohand","family":"Lagha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aeronautical Sciences Laboratory, Aeronautical and Spatial Studies Institute, Blida 1 University, Blida 0900, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9072-5878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Souham","family":"Meshoul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadil","family":"Shaiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akram","family":"Chegrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aeronautical Sciences Laboratory, Aeronautical and Spatial Studies Institute, Blida 1 University, Blida 0900, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Yahiaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aeronautical Sciences Laboratory, Aeronautical and Spatial Studies Institute, Blida 1 University, Blida 0900, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsouros, D.C., Bibi, S., and Sarigiannidis, P.G. (2019). A review on UAV-based applications for precision agriculture. 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