{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T07:17:47Z","timestamp":1783408667296,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]],"date-time":"2024-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union NextGenerationEU","award":["PRIN 2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRIN 2022"]}]},{"name":"European Union NextGenerationEU","award":["P2022PXAZW"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2022PXAZW"]}]},{"name":"European Union NextGenerationEU","award":["FSE REACT-EU"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FSE REACT-EU"]}]},{"name":"PON R&amp;I 2014-2020","award":["PRIN 2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRIN 2022"]}]},{"name":"PON R&amp;I 2014-2020","award":["P2022PXAZW"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2022PXAZW"]}]},{"name":"PON R&amp;I 2014-2020","award":["FSE REACT-EU"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FSE REACT-EU"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Virtual Reality is an effective technique for eliciting emotions. It provides immersive and ecologically valid emotional experiences while maintaining experimental control. Recently, novel VR forms like 360\u00b0 videos have been used successfully for emotion elicitation. Some preliminary databases of 360\u00b0 videos for emotion elicitation have been proposed, but they tapped mainly into an emotional dimensional approach and did not include a concurrent physiological assessment of an emotional profile. This study expands on these databases by combining dimensional and discrete approaches to validate a new set of 360\u00b0 emotion-inducing images. Twenty-six participants viewed 46 immersive images, and their emotional reactions were measured using self-reporting, psychophysiological signals, and eye tracking. The IAVRS database can successfully elicit a wide range of emotional responses, including both positive and negative valence, as well as different levels of arousal. Results reveal an important correspondence between the discrete and dimensional models of emotions. Furthermore, the images that exhibit convergence between the dimensional and discrete emotional models are particularly impactful regarding arousal and valence values. The IAVRS database provides insights into potential relationships between physiological parameters and emotional responses. This preliminary investigation highlights the complexity of emotional elicitation processes and their physiological correlates, suggesting the need for further research to deepen our understanding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24134204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]],"date-time":"2024-06-28T08:31:36Z","timestamp":1719563496000},"page":"4204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["IAVRS\u2014International Affective Virtual Reality System: Psychometric Assessment of 360\u00b0 Images by Using Psychophysiological Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4198-3723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Mancuso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1356-8271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Borghesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4587-0232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Chirico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Research Center in Communication Psychology, Catholic Universiry of the Sacred Heart, 20123 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9911-0573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Bruni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora Diletta","family":"Sarcinella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Research Center in Communication Psychology, Catholic Universiry of the Sacred Heart, 20123 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Pedroli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Geriatrics and Cardiovascular Medicine, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20149 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0662-7678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro","family":"Cipresso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.60.110707.163539","article-title":"Emotion Theory and Research: Highlights, Unanswered Questions, and Emerging Issues","volume":"60","author":"Izard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. 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