{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T10:52:59Z","timestamp":1764240779006,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,29]],"date-time":"2024-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Electroencephalography (EEG) remains pivotal in neuroscience for its non-invasive exploration of brain activity, yet traditional electrodes are plagued with artifacts and the application of conductive paste poses practical challenges. Tripolar concentric ring electrode (TCRE) sensors used for EEG (tEEG) attenuate artifacts automatically, improving the signal quality. Hydrogel tapes offer a promising alternative to conductive paste, providing mess-free application and reliable electrode\u2013skin contact in locations without hair. Since the electrodes of the TCRE sensors are only 1.0 mm apart, the impedance of the skin-to-electrode impedance-matching medium is critical. This study evaluates four hydrogel tapes\u2019 efficacies in EEG electrode application, comparing impedance and alpha wave characteristics. Healthy adult participants underwent tEEG recordings using different tapes. The results highlight varying impedances and successful alpha wave detection despite increased tape-induced impedance. MATLAB\u2019s EEGLab facilitated signal processing. This study underscores hydrogel tapes\u2019 potential as a convenient and effective alternative to traditional paste, enriching tEEG research methodologies. Two of the conductive hydrogel tapes had significantly higher alpha wave power than the other tapes, but were never significantly lower.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24134222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T10:14:46Z","timestamp":1719828886000},"page":"4222","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Conductive Hydrogel Tapes for Tripolar EEG: A Promising Solution to Paste-Related Challenges"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Cassidy","family":"Considine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2752-5483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walter","family":"Besio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01656.x","article-title":"Interictal high-frequency oscillations (80\u2013500 Hz) are an indicator of seizure onset areas independent of spikes in the human epileptic brain","volume":"49","author":"Jacobs","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(94)90112-0","article-title":"A theoretical and experimental study of high resolution EEG based on surface Laplacians and cortical imaging","volume":"90","author":"Nunez","year":"1994","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr. 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