{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T06:42:55Z","timestamp":1776840175289,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,30]],"date-time":"2024-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32101356"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32101356"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202310313088Y"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202310313088Y"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates","award":["32101356"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32101356"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates","award":["202310313088Y"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202310313088Y"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The properties of nanopipettes largely rely on the materials introduced onto their inner walls, which allow for a vast extension of their sensing capabilities. The challenge of simultaneously enhancing the sensitivity and selectivity of nanopipettes for pH sensing remains, hindering their practical applications. Herein, we report insulin-modified nanopipettes with excellent pH response performances, which were prepared by introducing insulin onto their inner walls via a two-step reaction involving silanization and amidation. The pH response intensity based on ion current rectification was significantly enhanced by approximately 4.29 times when utilizing insulin-modified nanopipettes compared with bare ones, demonstrating a linear response within the pH range of 2.50 to 7.80. In addition, insulin-modified nanopipettes featured good reversibility and selectivity. The modification processes were monitored using the I-V curves, and the relevant mechanisms were discussed. The effects of solution pH and insulin concentration on the modification results were investigated to achieve optimal insulin introduction. This study showed that the pH response behavior of nanopipettes can be greatly improved by introducing versatile molecules onto the inner walls, thereby contributing to the development and utilization of pH-responsive nanopipettes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24134264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T10:14:46Z","timestamp":1719828886000},"page":"4264","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["An Insulin-Modified pH-Responsive Nanopipette Based on Ion Current Rectification"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8865-0031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xu-Fan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China"},{"name":"The Second Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China"},{"name":"National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Fan","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China"},{"name":"The Second Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue-Qian","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China"},{"name":"The Second Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China"},{"name":"National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zi-Jing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China"},{"name":"National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Chen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China"},{"name":"National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tian-Hao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China"},{"name":"The Second Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian-Feng","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guo-Chang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and 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