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They have been widely used in conjunction with portable, wearable, and intelligent detection devices, as well as in on-site analysis and timely monitoring in the fields of environment, industry, and medicine. This article provides a comprehensive review of the composition of sensors based on redox capacitive and double-layer capacitive SC-ISEs, as well as the ion\u2013electron transduction mechanisms in the solid-contact (SC) layer, particularly focusing on strategies proposed in the past three years (since 2021) for optimizing the performance of SC-ISEs. These strategies include the construction of ion-selective membranes, SC layer, and conductive substrates. Finally, the future research direction and possibilities in this field are discussed and prospected.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24134289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T05:08:34Z","timestamp":1719896914000},"page":"4289","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Recent Developments and Challenges in Solid-Contact Ion-Selective Electrodes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Lili","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9493-7499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ye","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5894-2821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenyue","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Provincial Center for In-Situ Marine Sensors, Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9747-0575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guobao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China"},{"name":"School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1021\/cr068100w","article-title":"Potentiometric ion sensors","volume":"108","author":"Bobacka","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. 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