{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T21:07:08Z","timestamp":1777669628627,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11774432"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11774432"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023BAA013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023BAA013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Major Program (JD) of Hubei Province","award":["11774432"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11774432"]}]},{"name":"Major Program (JD) of Hubei Province","award":["2023BAA013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023BAA013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper investigates a 1.7 mm diameter ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating (UWFBG) hydrophone towed array cable for acoustic direction finding. The mechanism of the underwater acoustic waves received by this integrated-coating sensitizing optical cable is deduced, and it is shown that the amplitude of its response varies with the direction of the sound wave. An anechoic pool experiment is carried out to test the performance of such a hydrophone array. The test array is a selection of six sensing fibers, each of which is coiled into 9 cm diameter fiber ring suspended in the water to receive acoustic signals. An average sensitivity of \u2212141.2 dB re rad\/\u03bcPa at frequencies from 2.5 kHz to 6.3 kHz was achieved, validating the detection of the azimuth of underwater acoustic waves. The ultra-thin towing cable system, with free structure, high sensitivity, and underwater target-detection capability has demonstrated great potential for future unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24134300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T09:01:39Z","timestamp":1719910899000},"page":"4300","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Direction-Finding Study of a 1.7 mm Diameter Towed Hydrophone Array Based on UWFBG"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Su","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Weaponry Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China"},{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junbin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Weaponry Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2800-767X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yandong","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Weaponry Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiabei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Weaponry Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongcan","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Weaponry Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R197","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3727\/37\/18\/R01","article-title":"Overview of high performance fibre-optic sensing","volume":"37","author":"Kirkendall","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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