{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T19:01:54Z","timestamp":1773774114971,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62301257"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62301257"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20200488"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20200488"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62301257"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62301257"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20200488"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20200488"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Visible light communication (VLC) is a promising complementary technology to its radio frequency (RF) counterpart to satisfy the high quality-of-service (QoS) requirements of intelligent vehicular communications by reusing LED street lights. In this paper, a hybrid handover scheme for vehicular VLC\/RF communication networks is proposed to balance QoS and handover costs by considering the vertical handover and horizontal handover together judging from the mobile state of the vehicle. A Markov decision process (MDP) is formulated to describe this hybrid handover problem, with a cost function balancing the handover consumption, delay, and reliability. A value iteration algorithm was applied to solve the optimal handover policy. The simulation results demonstrated the performance of the proposed hybrid handover scheme in comparison to other benchmark schemes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24134323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T08:45:34Z","timestamp":1719996334000},"page":"4323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A Hybrid Handover Scheme for Vehicular VLC\/RF Communication Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8876-4387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linqiong","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"}]},{"given":"Shicheng","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"}]},{"given":"Yijin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5745-4554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin-Yuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The School of Communication and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eltokhey, M.W., Khalighi, M.A., Ghassemlooy, Z., and Jungnickel, V. 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