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The excellent performance of SPAD devices gives them significant potential for applications in low-light imaging. This article presents a 64 (rows) \u00d7 128 (columns) SPAD image sensor designed for low-light imaging. The chip utilizes a three-dimensional stacking architecture and microlens technology, combined with compact gated pixel circuits designed with thick-gate MOS transistors, which further enhance the SPAD\u2019s photosensitivity. The configurable digital control circuit allows for the adjustment of exposure time, enabling the sensor to adapt to different lighting conditions. The chip exhibits very low dark noise levels, with an average DCR of 41.5 cps at 2.4 V excess bias voltage. Additionally, it employs a denoising algorithm specifically developed for the SPAD image sensor, achieving two-dimensional grayscale imaging under 6 \u00d7 10\u22124 lux illumination conditions, demonstrating excellent low-light imaging capabilities. The chip designed in this paper fully leverages the performance advantages of SPAD image sensors and holds promise for applications in various fields requiring low-light imaging capabilities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24134358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]],"date-time":"2024-07-05T03:48:56Z","timestamp":1720151336000},"page":"4358","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A 64 \u00d7 128 3D-Stacked SPAD Image Sensor for Low-Light Imaging"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Zhe","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronics Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, 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of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8674-1285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Runjiang","family":"Dou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronics Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Shuangming","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronics Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Nanjian","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronics Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8057-2444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronics Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Liyuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1136594","article-title":"Towards picosecond resolution with single-photon avalanche diodes","volume":"52","author":"Cova","year":"1981","journal-title":"Rev. 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