{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T14:32:21Z","timestamp":1769005941998,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,7]],"date-time":"2024-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Program of the Hubei Provincial Department of Education","award":["D20221303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D20221303"]}]},{"name":"Key Program of the Hubei Provincial Department of Education","award":["2022CFB700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022CFB700"]}]},{"name":"Key Program of the Hubei Provincial Department of Education","award":["2023AFB856"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023AFB856"]}]},{"name":"Key Program of the Hubei Provincial Department of Education","award":["YQZC202206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YQZC202206"]}]},{"name":"Key Program of the Hubei Provincial Department of Education","award":["UOG2024-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UOG2024-06"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","award":["D20221303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D20221303"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","award":["2022CFB700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022CFB700"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","award":["2023AFB856"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023AFB856"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","award":["YQZC202206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YQZC202206"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","award":["UOG2024-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UOG2024-06"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of the Hubei Key Laboratory of Drilling and Production Engineering for Oil and Gas (Yangtze University)","award":["D20221303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D20221303"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of the Hubei Key Laboratory of Drilling and Production Engineering for Oil and Gas (Yangtze University)","award":["2022CFB700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022CFB700"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of the Hubei Key Laboratory of Drilling and Production Engineering for Oil and Gas (Yangtze University)","award":["2023AFB856"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023AFB856"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of the Hubei Key Laboratory of Drilling and Production Engineering for Oil and Gas (Yangtze University)","award":["YQZC202206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YQZC202206"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of the Hubei Key Laboratory of Drilling and Production Engineering for Oil and Gas (Yangtze University)","award":["UOG2024-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UOG2024-06"]}]},{"name":"Open Foundation of Cooperative Innovation Center of Unconventional Oil and Gas, Yangtze University (Ministry of Education &amp; Hubei Province)","award":["D20221303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D20221303"]}]},{"name":"Open Foundation of Cooperative Innovation Center of Unconventional Oil and Gas, Yangtze University (Ministry of Education &amp; Hubei Province)","award":["2022CFB700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022CFB700"]}]},{"name":"Open Foundation of Cooperative Innovation Center of Unconventional Oil and Gas, Yangtze University (Ministry of Education &amp; Hubei Province)","award":["2023AFB856"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023AFB856"]}]},{"name":"Open Foundation of Cooperative Innovation Center of Unconventional Oil and Gas, Yangtze University (Ministry of Education &amp; Hubei Province)","award":["YQZC202206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YQZC202206"]}]},{"name":"Open Foundation of Cooperative Innovation Center of Unconventional Oil and Gas, Yangtze University (Ministry of Education &amp; Hubei Province)","award":["UOG2024-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UOG2024-06"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Since light propagation in a multimode fiber (MMF) exhibits visually random and complex scattering patterns due to external interference, this study numerically models temperature and curvature through the finite element method in order to understand the complex interactions between the inputs and outputs of an optical fiber under conditions of temperature and curvature interference. The systematic analysis of the fiber\u2019s refractive index and bending loss characteristics determined its critical bending radius to be 15 mm. The temperature speckle atlas is plotted to reflect varying bending radii. An optimal end-to-end residual neural network model capable of automatically extracting highly similar scattering features is proposed and validated for the purpose of identifying temperature and curvature scattering maps of MMFs. The viability of the proposed scheme is tested through numerical simulations and experiments, the results of which demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the optimized network model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24134409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T09:01:19Z","timestamp":1720429279000},"page":"4409","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Deep Learning-Based Simultaneous Temperature- and Curvature-Sensitive Scatterplot Recognition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6374-0941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianli","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China"}]},{"given":"Yuxin","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China"}]},{"given":"Qiao","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China"}]},{"given":"Chuang","family":"Hei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China"}]},{"given":"Hu","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8660-0546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daicheng","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources, Yangtze University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430100, China"}]},{"given":"Fangqing","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Vision Based Monitoring for Hydroelectric Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China"}]},{"given":"Ankang","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China"}]},{"given":"Xueran","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s002160051086","article-title":"Optical Waveguide Sensors in Analytical Chemistry: Today\u2019s Instrumentation, Applications and Trends for Future Development","volume":"362","author":"Potyrailo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Fresenius J. 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