{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T12:52:25Z","timestamp":1768999945123,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Basic Research Projects of the Basic Strengthening Program","award":["2020-JCJQ-ZD-071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-JCJQ-ZD-071"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Automatic Modulation Recognition (AMR) is a key technology in the field of cognitive communication, playing a core role in many applications, especially in wireless security issues. Currently, deep learning (DL)-based AMR technology has achieved many research results, greatly promoting the development of AMR technology. However, the few-shot dilemma faced by DL-based AMR methods greatly limits their application in practical scenarios. Therefore, this paper endeavored to address the challenge of AMR with limited data and proposed a novel meta-learning method, the Multi-Level Comparison Relation Network with Class Reconstruction (MCRN-CR). Firstly, the method designs a structure of a multi-level comparison relation network, which involves embedding functions to output their feature maps hierarchically, comprehensively calculating the relation scores between query samples and support samples to determine the modulation category. Secondly, the embedding function integrates a reconstruction module, leveraging an autoencoder for support sample reconstruction, wherein the encoder serves dual purposes as the embedding mechanism. The training regimen incorporates a meta-learning paradigm, harmoniously combining classification and reconstruction losses to refine the model\u2019s performance. The experimental results on the RadioML2018 dataset show that our designed method can greatly alleviate the small sample problem in AMR and is superior to existing methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24134421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T12:21:03Z","timestamp":1720441263000},"page":"4421","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Tackling Few-Shot Challenges in Automatic Modulation Recognition: A Multi-Level Comparative Relation Network Combining Class Reconstruction Strategy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Zhao","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School, Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shengliang","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aerospace Information, Space Engineering University, Beijing 101400, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Youchen","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aerospace Information, Space Engineering University, Beijing 101400, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8942-4747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shunhu","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School, Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8895-6968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhaojing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School, Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1109\/JETCAS.2020.2992128","article-title":"Transfer Learning for Semi-Supervised Automatic Modulation Classification in ZF-MIMO Systems","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE J. 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