{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T01:33:13Z","timestamp":1768786393397,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"2023 Innovation Fund of Engineering Research Center of Integration and Application of Digital Learning Technology, Ministry of Education","award":["1311021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1311021"]}]},{"name":"2023 Innovation Fund of Engineering Research Center of Integration and Application of Digital Learning Technology, Ministry of Education","award":["62201365"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62201365"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["1311021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1311021"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["62201365"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62201365"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Three-dimensional human pose estimation focuses on generating 3D pose sequences from 2D videos. It has enormous potential in the fields of human\u2013robot interaction, remote sensing, virtual reality, and computer vision. Existing excellent methods primarily focus on exploring spatial or temporal encoding to achieve 3D pose inference. However, various architectures exploit the independent effects of spatial and temporal cues on 3D pose estimation, while neglecting the spatial\u2013temporal synergistic influence. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel 3D pose estimation method with a dual-adaptive spatial\u2013temporal former (DASTFormer) and additional supervised training. The DASTFormer contains attention-adaptive (AtA) and pure-adaptive (PuA) modes, which will enhance pose inference from 2D to 3D by adaptively learning spatial\u2013temporal effects, considering both their cooperative and independent influences. In addition, an additional supervised training with batch variance loss is proposed in this work. Different from common training strategy, a two-round parameter update is conducted on the same batch data. Not only can it better explore the potential relationship between spatial\u2013temporal encoding and 3D poses, but it can also alleviate the batch size limitations imposed by graphics cards on transformer-based frameworks. Extensive experimental results show that the proposed method significantly outperforms most state-of-the-art approaches on Human3.6 and HumanEVA datasets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24134422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T12:21:03Z","timestamp":1720441263000},"page":"4422","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Learning Temporal\u2013Spatial Contextual Adaptation for Three-Dimensional Human Pose Estimation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0584-4177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hexin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Engineering, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Quan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Engineering, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"}]},{"given":"Runjing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Engineering, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"}]},{"given":"Miaomiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Engineering, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2239-1121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Na","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Engineering, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Recent advances of monocular 2D and 3D human pose estimation: A deep learning perspective","volume":"55","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACM Comput. 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