{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T21:47:46Z","timestamp":1780609666244,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]],"date-time":"2024-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CAL-PT FUND"},{"name":"American Physical Therapy Association Academy of Pediatric Physical Therapy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lack of physical activity (PA) at a young age can result in health issues. Thus, monitoring PA is important. Wearable accelerometers are the preferred tool to monitor PA in children. Validated thresholds are used to classify activity intensity levels, e.g., sedentary, light, and moderate-to-vigorous, in ambulatory children. No previous work has developed accelerometer thresholds for infancy (pre-ambulatory children). Therefore, this work aims to develop accelerometer thresholds for PA intensity levels in pre-ambulatory infants. Infants (n = 10) were placed in a supine position and allowed free movement. Their movements were synchronously captured using video cameras and accelerometers worn on each ankle. The video data were labeled by activity intensity level (sedentary, light, and moderate-to-vigorous) in two-second epochs using observational rating (gold standard). Accelerometer thresholds were developed for acceleration and jerk using two optimization approaches. Four sets of thresholds were developed for dual (two ankles) and for single-worn (one ankle) accelerometers. Of these, for a typical use case, we recommend using acceleration-based thresholds of 1.00 m\/s to distinguish sedentary and light activity and 2.60 m\/s to distinguish light and moderate-to-vigorous activity. Acceleration and jerk are both suitable for measuring PA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24144436","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]],"date-time":"2024-07-09T15:27:20Z","timestamp":1720538840000},"page":"4436","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Accelerometer Thresholds for Estimating Physical Activity Intensity Levels in Infants: A Preliminary Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6415-4671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa A.","family":"Ghazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judy","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn L.","family":"Havens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beth A.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA"},{"name":"Developmental Neuroscience and Neurogenetics Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1139\/h2012-070","article-title":"Systematic review of physical activity and health in the early years (aged 0\u20134 years)","volume":"37","author":"Timmons","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. 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