{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T13:20:59Z","timestamp":1761312059573,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Canadian Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN-2019-04096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2019-04096"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The University of Toronto","award":["RGPIN-2019-04096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2019-04096"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Defects on horizontal axis wind turbine blades are difficult to identify and monitor with conventional forms of non-destructive examination due to the blade\u2019s large size and limited accessibility during continuous operation. This article examines both strain and acceleration transmissibility as methods of continuous damage detection on wind turbine blades. A scaled 117 cm offshore wind turbine blade was first designed, 3D printed, and modelled numerically in ANSYS. Transverse cracks were deliberately introduced to the blade at 10 cm intervals along its leading edge. Subsequent changes in the transmissibility, relative to an undamaged baseline model, were measured using different variable combinations at the blade\u2019s first three natural frequencies. Experimental results indicated that strain transmissibility was able to locate a 1.0 cm defect at a range of 70\u2013110 cm from the blade hub using the amplitudes of the first natural frequency of vibration. The numerical model was able to simulate the strain experimental results and was determined to be valid for future defect characterization. Acceleration transmissibility was unable to experimentally identify defects sized at 1.0 cm and below but was able to identify 1.0 cm sized defects numerically. It was concluded that transmissibility is viable for continuous damage detection on blades but that further research into other defect types and locations is required prior to conducting full-scale testing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24144456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T13:34:38Z","timestamp":1720618478000},"page":"4456","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Natural Frequency Transmissibility for Detection of Cracks in Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Blades"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Rachel","family":"Henderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King\u2019s College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fae","family":"Azhari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King\u2019s College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6429-367X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony","family":"Sinclair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King\u2019s College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Kilpatrick, R., Lafreniere, K., and Caceres, A. 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