{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T19:31:55Z","timestamp":1781897515783,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]],"date-time":"2024-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["871631"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["871631"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["2019-1.3.1-KK-2019-00007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-1.3.1-KK-2019-00007"]}]},{"name":"National Research, Development and Innovation Fund of Hungary","award":["871631"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["871631"]}]},{"name":"National Research, Development and Innovation Fund of Hungary","award":["2019-1.3.1-KK-2019-00007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-1.3.1-KK-2019-00007"]}]},{"name":"\u00d3buda University\u2014Doctoral School of Applied Informatics and Applied Mathematics","award":["871631"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["871631"]}]},{"name":"\u00d3buda University\u2014Doctoral School of Applied Informatics and Applied Mathematics","award":["2019-1.3.1-KK-2019-00007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-1.3.1-KK-2019-00007"]}]},{"name":"Hungarian Academy of Sciences","award":["871631"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["871631"]}]},{"name":"Hungarian Academy of Sciences","award":["2019-1.3.1-KK-2019-00007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-1.3.1-KK-2019-00007"]}]},{"name":"Distinguished Researcher program of \u00d3buda University","award":["871631"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["871631"]}]},{"name":"Distinguished Researcher program of \u00d3buda University","award":["2019-1.3.1-KK-2019-00007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-1.3.1-KK-2019-00007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Grasping and object manipulation have been considered key domains of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) since the beginning of automation, as they are the most common interactions between systems, or a system and its environment. As the demand for automation is spreading to increasingly complex fields of industry, smart tools with sensors and internal decision-making become necessities. CPS, such as robots and smart autonomous machinery, have been introduced in the meat industry in recent decades; however, the natural diversity of animals, potential anatomical disorders and soft, slippery animal tissues require the use of a wide range of sensors, software and intelligent tools. This paper presents the development of a smart robotic gripper for deployment in the meat industry. A comprehensive review of the available robotic grippers employed in the sector is presented along with the relevant recent research projects. Based on the identified needs, a new mechatronic design and early development process of the smart gripper is described. The integrated force sensing method based on strain measurement and magnetic encoders is described, including the adjacent laboratory and on-site tests. Furthermore, a combined slip detection system is presented, which relies on an optical flow-based image processing algorithm using the video feed of a built-in endoscopic camera. Basic user tests and application assessments are presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24144631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]],"date-time":"2024-07-17T15:15:19Z","timestamp":1721229319000},"page":"4631","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Sensor-Enhanced Smart Gripper Development for Automated Meat Processing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5417-6026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krist\u00f3f","family":"Tak\u00e1cs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Antal Bejczy Center of Intelligent Robotics, \u00d3buda University, 1034 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bence","family":"Tak\u00e1cs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antal Bejczy Center of Intelligent Robotics, \u00d3buda University, 1034 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"John von Neumann Faculty of Informatics, \u00d3buda University, 1034 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tivadar","family":"Garamv\u00f6lgyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antal Bejczy Center of Intelligent Robotics, \u00d3buda University, 1034 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e1ndor","family":"Tarsoly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antal Bejczy Center of Intelligent Robotics, \u00d3buda University, 1034 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rta","family":"Alexy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antal Bejczy Center of Intelligent Robotics, \u00d3buda University, 1034 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2262-7037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krist\u00f3f","family":"M\u00f3ga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antal Bejczy Center of Intelligent Robotics, \u00d3buda University, 1034 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2067-8578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imre J.","family":"Rudas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Research and Innovation Center, \u00d3buda University, 1034 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2319-0551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P\u00e9ter","family":"Galambos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antal Bejczy Center of Intelligent Robotics, \u00d3buda University, 1034 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"University Research and Innovation Center, \u00d3buda University, 1034 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1402-1139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tam\u00e1s","family":"Haidegger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Research and Innovation Center, \u00d3buda University, 1034 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"School of Computing, Queens University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"European Commission, and Eurostat (2021). 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