{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T15:40:46Z","timestamp":1775144446330,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Innovation and Technology Commission of the Hong Kong SAR Government","award":["ITT\/011\/23TP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ITT\/011\/23TP"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Continuous monitoring of lower extremity muscles is necessary, as the muscles support many human daily activities, such as maintaining balance, standing, walking, running, and jumping. However, conventional electromyography and physiological cross-sectional area methods inherently encounter obstacles when acquiring precise and real-time data pertaining to human bodies, with a notable lack of consideration for user comfort. Benefitting from the fast development of various fabric-based sensors, this paper addresses these current issues by designing an integrated smart compression stocking system, which includes compression garments, fabric-embedded capacitive pressure sensors, an edge control unit, a user mobile application, and cloud backend. The pipeline architecture design and component selection are discussed in detail to illustrate a comprehensive user-centered STIMES design. Twelve healthy young individuals were recruited for clinical experiments to perform maximum voluntary isometric ankle plantarflexion contractions. All data were simultaneously collected through the integrated smart compression stocking system and a muscle force measurement system (Humac NORM, software version HUMAC2015). The obtained correlation coefficients above 0.92 indicated high linear relationships between the muscle torque and the proposed system readout. Two-way ANOVA analysis further stressed that different ankle angles (p = 0.055) had more important effects on the results than different subjects (p = 0.290). Hence, the integrated smart compression stocking system can be used to monitor the muscle force of the lower extremities in isometric mode.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24144753","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T14:45:53Z","timestamp":1721659553000},"page":"4753","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Integrated Wearable System for Monitoring Skeletal Muscle Force of Lower Extremities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2153-1364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heng","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Intelligent Wearable Systems, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China"},{"name":"School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Intelligent Wearable Systems, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China"},{"name":"School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China"}]},{"given":"Mingyue","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Intelligent Wearable Systems, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China"},{"name":"School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7643-0475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xijun","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518100, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2406-0695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoming","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Intelligent Wearable Systems, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China"},{"name":"School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125022","DOI":"10.1088\/0964-1726\/25\/12\/125022","article-title":"Monitoring elbow isometric contraction by novel wearable fabric sensing device","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Smart Mater. 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