{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T11:02:54Z","timestamp":1761649374348,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Catalan Government Research groups","award":["2021-SGR-01623","2022-DI-119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-SGR-01623","2022-DI-119"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003030","name":"Catalan Government industrial PhD program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021-SGR-01623","2022-DI-119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-SGR-01623","2022-DI-119"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Infant meningitis remains a severe burden on global health, particularly for young infants. Traditional ultrasound imaging techniques are limited in spatial resolution to visualize white blood cells (WBCs) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which is considered a well-established marker for meningitis detection. This work presents a novel platform that uses high-resolution ultrasound to detect the backscatter signals from microscopic CSF WBCs through the anterior fontanelle of neonates and young infants. The whole system was built around a custom probe that allows for a 20 MHz focused transducer to be mechanically controlled to map the area of interest in the CSF. Data processing can be performed internally in the device without the need to extract the images for further analysis. The in vitro feasibility of the proposed solution was evaluated in imaging 7 \u03bcm particle suspensions at different concentrations relevant to meningitis diagnosis ranging from 7- to 646-particles (pp)\/\u03bcL. The experimental tests were conducted from a simple setup using a sample container to a more realistic setup based on an anatomical phantom of the neonatal head. The results show high-quality images, where 7 \u03bcm particles can be resolved for the different concentrations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24154768","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T14:26:50Z","timestamp":1721744810000},"page":"4768","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["High-Resolution Ultrasound Platform for Infant Meningitis Detection: An In Vitro Demonstration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4441-7935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Navarrete","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kriba, Barcelona Science Park, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Microelectronics and Electronic Systems, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7181-9705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Castells-Rufas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microelectronics and Electronic Systems, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hassane Baghdad","family":"Kichou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kriba, Barcelona Science Park, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9776-5231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillermo","family":"Navarro-Patron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kriba, Barcelona Science Park, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kriba, Barcelona Science Park, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9540-8759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordi","family":"Carrabina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microelectronics and Electronic Systems, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1099","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1774","article-title":"Changing epidemiology of bacterial meningitis since introduction of conjugate vaccines: 3 decades of national meningitis surveillance in The Netherlands","volume":"73","author":"Koelman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. 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