{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T16:02:00Z","timestamp":1778169720349,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2022QF145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022QF145"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022CXGC010504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022CXGC010504"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project in Shandong Province","award":["ZR2022QF145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022QF145"]}]},{"name":"the Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project in Shandong Province","award":["2022CXGC010504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022CXGC010504"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the continuous expansion of pixel arrays in digital microfluidics (DMF) chips, precise droplet control has emerged as a critical issue requiring detailed consideration. This paper proposes a novel capacitance-based droplet sensing system for thin-film transistor DMF. The proposed circuit features a distinctive inner and outer dual-pixel electrode structure, integrating droplet driving and sensing functionalities. Discharge occurs exclusively at the inner electrode during droplet sensing, effectively addressing droplet perturbation in existing sensing circuits. The circuit employs a novel fan-shaped structure of thin-film transistors. Simulation results show that it can provide a 48 V pixel voltage and demonstrate a sensing voltage difference of over 10 V between deionized water and silicone oil, illustrating its proficiency in droplet driving and accurate sensing. The stability of threshold voltage drift and temperature was also verified for the circuit. The design is tailored for integration into active matrix electrowetting-on-dielectric (AM-EWOD) chips, offering a novel approach to achieve precise closed-loop control of droplets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24154789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T10:46:20Z","timestamp":1721817980000},"page":"4789","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Thin-Film Transistor Digital Microfluidics Circuit Design with Capacitance-Based Droplet Sensing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Shengzhe","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiping","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China"},{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanbin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China"},{"name":"Guangdong ACXEL Micro & Nano Tech Co., Ltd., Foshan 528299, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7153-231X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arokia","family":"Nathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China"},{"name":"Darwin College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 9EU, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1039\/D0LC00144A","article-title":"Current commercialization status of electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) digital microfluidics","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9540","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.0c01543","article-title":"Stripped electrode based electrowetting-on-dielectric digital microfluidics for precise and controllable parallel microdrop generation","volume":"36","author":"Guan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, C., Gan, X., Zeng, Y., Xu, Z., Xu, L., Hu, C., Ma, H., Chai, B., Hu, S., and Chai, Y. 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