{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T13:48:28Z","timestamp":1765547308543,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Taiwan Normal University (NTNU)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective was to compare simplified pressure insoles integrating different sensor numbers and to identify a promising range of sensor numbers for accurate center of pressure (CoP) measurement. Twelve participants wore a 99-sensor Pedar-X insole (100 Hz) during walking, jogging, and running. Eight simplified layouts were simulated, integrating 3\u201317 sensors. Concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) and root mean square errors (RMSE) between the original and simplified layouts were calculated for time-series mediolateral (ML) and anteroposterior (AP) CoP. Differences between layouts and between gait types were assessed via ANOVA and Friedman test. Concordance between the original and simplified layouts varied across layouts and gaits (CCC: 0.43\u20130.98; \u03c7(7)2 \u2265 34.94, p &lt; 0.001). RMSEML and RMSEAP [mm], respectively, were smaller in jogging (5 \u00b1 2, 15 \u00b1 9) than in walking (8 \u00b1 2, 22 \u00b1 4) and running (7 \u00b1 4, 20 \u00b1 7) (\u03b7p2: 0.70\u20130.83, p &lt; 0.05). Only layouts with 11+ sensors achieved CCC \u2265 0.80 in all tests across gaits. The 13-sensor layout achieved CCC \u2265 0.95 with 95% confidence, representing the most promising compromise between sensor number and CoP accuracy. Future research may refine sensor placement, suggesting the use of 11\u201313 sensors. For coaches, therapists, and applied sports scientists, caution is recommended when using insoles with nine or fewer sensors. Consulting task-specific validation results for the intended products is advisable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24154918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T16:37:17Z","timestamp":1722271037000},"page":"4918","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Center of Pressure Measurement Accuracy via Insoles with a Reduced Pressure Sensor Number during Gaits"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7463-8301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip X.","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Athletic Performance, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Section 4, Tingzhou Road, Wenshan District, Taipei City 116, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 162, Section 1, Heping East Road, Da\u2019an District, Taipei City 106, Taiwan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4742-587X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei-Han","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Athletic Performance, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Section 4, Tingzhou Road, Wenshan District, Taipei City 116, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Kinesiology, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Section 2, Da Hsueh Road, Shoufeng District, Hualian City 974301, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Tzyy-Yuang","family":"Shiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Athletic Performance, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Section 4, Tingzhou Road, Wenshan District, Taipei City 116, Taiwan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2015.07.004","article-title":"Which biomechanical models are currently used in standing posture analysis?","volume":"45","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. 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